The World Health Organization International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes prohibits claims and other marketing that may confuse caregivers about benefits of formula and other milk-based drinks for infants and toddlers, but such marketing is common in the United States. This study assessed caregivers' provision of milk-based products to their infants and toddlers and potential confusion about product benefits and appropriate use. Online survey of 1,645 U.S. caregivers of infants (6-11 months) and toddlers (12-36 months). Respondents identified infant formula and toddler milk products they served their child (ren) and provided relative agreement with common marketing claims. Logistic regression assessed relationships between agreement and serving these products, controlling for individual characteristics. Over one-half of caregivers of infants (52%) agreed that infant formula can be better for babies' digestion and brain development than breastmilk, and 62% agreed it can provide nutrition not present in breastmilk. Most caregivers of toddlers (60%) agreed that toddler milks provide nutrition toddlers do not get from other foods. Some caregivers of infants (11%) reported serving toddler milk to their child most often. Agreement with marketing claims increased the odds of serving infant formula and/or toddler milks. For caregivers of toddlers, odds were higher for college-educated and lower for non-Hispanic White caregivers. Common marketing messages promoting infant formula and toddler milks may mislead caregivers about benefits and appropriateness of serving to young children. These findings support calls for public health policies and increased regulation of infant formula and toddler milks.

中文翻译：

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婴幼儿配方奶粉和婴幼儿奶粉的销售以及保姆的提供。

世界卫生组织《国际母乳代用品销售守则》禁止可能使看护人混淆婴儿奶粉和其他奶类饮料对婴儿和幼儿的好处的主张和其他市场销售，但这种销售在美国很普遍。这项研究评估了看护者向其婴幼儿提供的乳基产品，以及在产品益处和适当使用方面的潜在混淆。在线调查了1,645名美国婴儿（6-11个月）和幼儿（12-36个月）的保姆。受访者确定了他们为孩子服务的婴儿配方奶粉和学步奶产品，并就常见的营销要求提供了相关协议。Logistic回归评估协议和服务这些产品之间的关系，并控制各个特征。超过一半的婴儿看护者（52％）认为婴儿配方奶粉比母乳更适合婴儿的消化和大脑发育，而62％的婴儿则认为它可以提供母乳中没有的营养。大多数幼儿的照料者（60％）同意，幼儿奶粉可为幼儿提供其他食物无法获得的营养。一些婴儿的照护者（11％）报告说，他们最经常给孩子喂幼儿奶。与市场营销声称的协议增加了提供婴儿配方奶粉和/或幼儿奶粉的几率。对于幼儿的照顾者，受过大学教育的几率更高，而非西班牙裔白人照顾者的几率更低。宣传婴儿配方奶粉和幼儿奶粉的常见营销信息可能会误导看护者，因为它们对年幼儿童的好处和适当性。