Proper chromosome segregation during cell division is essential in all domains of life. In the majority of bacterial species, faithful chromosome segregation is mediated by the tripartite ParABS system, consisting of an ATPase protein ParA, a CTPase and DNA-binding protein ParB, and a centromere-like parS site. The parS site is most often located near the origin of replication and is segregated first after chromosome replication. ParB nucleates on parS before binding to adjacent non-specific DNA to form a multimeric nucleoprotein complex. ParA interacts with ParB to drive the higher-order ParB-DNA complex, and hence the replicating chromosomes, to each daughter cell. Here, we review the various models for the formation of the ParABS complex and describe its role in segregating the origin-proximal region of the chromosome. Additionally, we discuss outstanding questions and challenges in understanding bacterial chromosome segregation.

中文翻译：

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通过ParABS系统进行细菌染色体分离。

细胞分裂过程中正确的染色体分离对于生命的所有领域都是至关重要的。在大多数细菌物种中，忠实的染色体分离是由三方ParABS系统介导的，该系统由ATPase蛋白ParA，CTPase和DNA结合蛋白ParB和着丝粒样parS位点组成。parS位点通常位于复制起点附近，并且在染色体复制后首先分离。在与相邻的非特异性DNA结合形成多聚核蛋白复合物之前，ParB在parS上成核。ParA与ParB相互作用以驱动高阶ParB-DNA复合体，从而将复制染色体驱动到每个子细胞。在这里，我们回顾了ParABS复合物形成的各种模型，并描述了其在分离染色体的起源-近端区域中的作用。另外，