Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), due to their cost-effective synthesis, interesting properties, and a wide range of applications in conductive inks, cooling fluids, biomedical field, and catalysis, have attracted the attention of scientific community in recent years. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize antibacterial and anticancer CuNPs synthesized via chemical and biological methods, and further synthesize CuNPs conjugated with doxycycline to study their synergic effect. During the chemical synthesis, ascorbic acid was used as a stabilizing agent, while Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum-derived extracts were used during the biological methods for synthesis of CuNPs. Characterization of CuNPs was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray crystallography (XRD). Antimicrobial evaluation of the nanomaterials against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was performed by using disk diffusion method, while anticancer behavior against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines was studied by MTT assay. TEM revealed spherical-shaped nanoparticles with mean size of 22.70 ± 5.67, 35.01 ± 5.84, and 19.02 ± 2.41 nm for CuNPs, Gin-CuNPs, and Gar-CuNPs, respectively, and surface plasmon resonance peaks were obtained at 570 nm, 575 nm, and 610 nm for CuNPs, Gar-CuNPs, and Gin-CuNPs, respectively. The results of FTIR confirmed the consumption of biomolecules from the plant extracts for the synthesis of CuNPs. XRD analysis also confirmed synthesis of CuNPs. Doxycycline-conjugated NPs exhibited more antibacterial effects than doxycycline or CuNPs alone. Copper nanoparticles prepared by biological synthesis are cost-effective and eco-friendly as compared to their chemical counterparts. The chemically synthesized nanoparticles displayed more significant antimicrobial activity when capped with doxycycline than Z. officinale and A. sativum-mediated CuNPs; however, green-synthesized nanoparticles showed greater anticancer activity than their chemical counterparts.

中文翻译：

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使用生姜和葱属的新型铜纳米颗粒生物合成。具有多西环素协同作用的抗癌和杀菌活性

铜纳米粒子（CuNPs）由于其合成成本低、性质有趣，以及在导电油墨、冷却液、生物医学领域和催化方面的广泛应用，近年来引起了科学界的关注。本研究的目的是开发和表征通过化学和生物方法合成的抗菌和抗癌 CuNPs，并进一步合成与强力霉素共轭的 CuNPs 以研究它们的协同作用。在化学合成过程中，使用抗坏血酸作为稳定剂，而在生物方法合成 CuNPs 过程中，使用姜和大蒜提取物。通过透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、和 X 射线晶体学 (XRD)。纳米材料对铜绿假单胞菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌评价采用圆盘扩散法，而对 HeLa 和 HepG2 细胞系的抗癌行为采用 MTT 法研究。透射电镜显示，CuNPs、Gin-CuNPs 和 Gar-CuNPs 的平均尺寸分​​别为 22.70 ± 5.67、35.01 ± 5.84 和 19.02 ± 2.41 nm 的球形纳米粒子，并且在 570 nm、575 nm 处获得了表面等离子体共振峰和 610 nm 分别用于 CuNPs、Gar-CuNPs 和 Gin-CuNPs。FTIR 的结果证实了植物提取物中的生物分子用于合成 CuNPs。XRD 分析也证实了 CuNPs 的合成。多西环素结合的 NPs 比单独的多西环素或 CuNPs 表现出更多的抗菌作用。与化学合成物相比，通过生物合成制备的铜纳米粒子具有成本效益和环境友好性。当用强力霉素封端时，化学合成的纳米颗粒比 Z. officinale 和 A. sativum 介导的 CuNPs 显示出更显着的抗菌活性；然而，绿色合成的纳米颗粒显示出比化学纳米颗粒更大的抗癌活性。