Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the brain, optic nerves and spinal cord. Among persons with MS, 30% experience significant mobility impairment that requires use of a wheelchair for mobility. Exercise is an evidence-based second-line therapy that can improve mobility; however, little research has focused on individuals that use wheelchairs for mobility. Framed by social cognitive theory (SCT), we conducted a formative qualitative study examining exercise status and perceptions among 20 persons with MS who use wheelchairs for mobility. Using deductive, semantic thematic analysis, we coded for SCT variables (i.e. self-efficacy, knowledge, outcome expectations, barriers and facilitators) and identified participants as regular or inconsistent exercisers. In total, 12 participants were classified as regular exercisers and 8 inconsistent exercisers. Regular exercisers more frequently reported high self-efficacy, consistent exercise knowledge and numerous facilitators. All participants reported some positive outcome expectations and several barriers and facilitators. These findings can inform future intervention studies supporting exercise behavior change through SCT. Strategies such as increasing self-efficacy, imparting instructional materials, shaping realistic outcome expectations and providing tools directed toward overcoming barriers and identifying facilitators may work to support the exercise endeavor of persons with MS who use wheelchairs for mobility.

中文翻译：

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社会认知理论作为使用轮椅出行的多发性硬化症患者运动参与的指南。

多发性硬化症（MS）是大脑，视神经和脊髓的免疫介导的神经退行性疾病。在MS患者中，有30％的患者出现严重的行动不便，需要使用轮椅才能行动。运动是一种基于证据的二线疗法，可以改善行动能力。但是，很少有研究集中在使用轮椅出行的个人上。在社会认知理论（SCT）的框架下，我们进行了一项定性的定性研究，研究了20名使用轮椅出行的MS患者的运动状态和知觉。通过演绎，语义主题分析，我们对SCT变量（即自我效能，知识，结果期望，障碍和促进者）进行了编码，并将参与者确定为经常或不一致的锻炼者。总共，12名参与者被分类为常规锻炼者，8名不一致的锻炼者。经常锻炼的人报告说，他们具有很高的自我效能感，一致的锻炼知识和众多的促进者。所有参与者都报告了一些积极的成果期望以及一些障碍和促进者。这些发现可以为将来通过SCT支持运动行为改变的干预研究提供参考。诸如提高自我效能，传授指导材料，塑造切合实际的结果期望以及提供针对克服障碍和确定促进者的工具之类的策略可能有助于支持使用轮椅出行的MS患者的运动。一致的运动知识和众多协助者。所有参与者都报告了一些积极的成果期望以及一些障碍和促进者。这些发现可以为将来通过SCT支持运动行为改变的干预研究提供参考。诸如提高自我效能，传授指导材料，塑造切合实际的结果期望以及提供针对克服障碍和确定促进者的工具等策略可能有助于支持使用轮椅出行的MS患者的运动。一致的运动知识和众多协助者。所有参与者都报告了一些积极的成果期望以及一些障碍和促进者。这些发现可以为将来通过SCT支持运动行为改变的干预研究提供参考。诸如提高自我效能，传授指导材料，塑造切合实际的结果期望以及提供针对克服障碍和确定促进者的工具等策略可能有助于支持使用轮椅出行的MS患者的运动。