Tuberculosis killed 1.5 million people in 2018. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is the most deadly infectious bacteria in the world. A strength of mycobacterial pathogens - their formidable cell wall - could also be one of their greatest molecular vulnerabilities. As in other bacteria, peptidoglycan (PG) maintenance and integrity is essential to mycobacterial survival. But Mtb PG is unique, and a better understanding of its biosynthetic machinery could lead to new drugs or more effective treatment regimens. Such investigations are being accelerated by the application of fluorescent probes, including those based on vancomycin, β-lactams, PG stem mimics, d-amino acids, and reactive glycans. This review will describe how fluorescent probes are being used to uncover new information on the regulation and drug susceptibility of two classes of enzymes that fortify the Mtb PG: the penicillin-binding proteins and the L,D-transpeptidases.

中文翻译：

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用于研究分枝杆菌中肽聚糖生物合成的荧光探针。

结核病在2018年杀死了150万人。结核病的致病菌结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）是世界上最致命的传染性细菌。分枝杆菌病原体的强度-其强大的细胞壁-也可能是其最大的分子脆弱性之一。与其他细菌一样，肽聚糖（PG）的维持和完整性对​​于分枝杆菌的生存至关重要。但是Mtb PG具有独特性，对其生物合成机制的更好理解可能会导致新药或更有效的治疗方案。荧光探针的应用正在加速此类研究，包括基于万古霉素，β-内酰胺，PG干模拟物，d-氨基酸和反应性聚糖的荧光探针。