Background: Probiotics have been associated with the treatment of depression and anxiety. However, the results reported in the literature have been inconsistent, and no meta-analysis specifically reported probiotics used on participants with varying levels of emotional state. Methods: This meta-analysis aimed to study the effectiveness of probiotics on anxious or depressive symptomatology for participants under stress conditions or with a depressive or anxiety disorder diagnosis. Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through December 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcomes were depression and anxiety scores. Main inclusion criteria: RCTs of probiotics for participants with a mood or emotional disorder diagnosis or under stress situations; and all participants were adults (age ≥16 years); Assessed by the modified Jadad assessment scale found seven high-quality studies and three low-quality studies. Results: Ten clinical trials (n = 685 total participants) were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies were assessed as low or moderate risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed that probiotics could significantly reduce the depression scale for patients with anxiety and depression, and healthy participants under stress. However, there was no significant difference between the probiotics and placebo groups in the reduction of patient anxiety scores, even if they are depressive or anxious patients or healthy participants under stress. Subgroup analysis revealed that probiotics had significant effect on depressive symptoms just in patients with depression, and no significant change in anxiety in patients, and no improvement in participant performance under stress. Conclusions: Probiotics could alleviate depressive symptoms in patients with a depression diagnosis or depression scores also in anxiety disorder diagnosis, and suggesting that probiotics may be adjunct therapies for mood or emotional disorders. Therefore, it is essential that probiotics could be more involved in the treatment of patients with depression in the future. The evidence of probiotics successfully treating depression is still insufficient, and more high-quality studies on patients with depression are still needed.

中文翻译：

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益生菌对健康参与者在压力条件下或患有抑郁或焦虑诊断的抑郁或焦虑变量的影响：一项随机对照试验的荟萃分析。

背景：益生菌已与抑郁症和焦虑症的治疗相关。但是，文献中报道的结果不一致，并且没有荟萃分析专门报道益生菌用于情绪状态不同的参与者。方法：这项荟萃分析旨在研究益生菌对应激状态或抑郁或焦虑症诊断参与者的焦虑或抑郁症状的有效性。截至2019年12月，在Medline，PubMed，EMBASE和Cochrane图书馆中搜索了随机对照试验（RCT）。主要结果是抑郁和焦虑评分。主要纳入标准：患有情绪或情感障碍诊断或处于压力下的参与者的益生菌RCT；所有参与者均为成年人（年龄≥16岁）；通过修改后的Jadad评估量表进行评估，发现有7项高质量研究和3项低质量研究。结果：根据纳入标准和排除标准，纳入了十项临床试验（总共685名参与者）。所有研究均被评估为偏低或中等偏见风险。荟萃分析表明，益生菌可以显着降低焦虑和抑郁患者以及健康参与者的抑郁情绪。但是，益生菌和安慰剂组之间在降低患者焦虑评分方面没有显着差异，即使他们是抑郁或焦虑患者或处于压力下的健康参与者。亚组分析显示，益生菌仅在抑郁症患者中对抑郁症状有显着影响，而焦虑症患者无明显变化，并在压力下没有改善参与者的表现。结论：益生菌可以缓解抑郁症患者的抑郁症状或在焦虑症诊断中获得抑郁指数，这表明益生菌可能是情绪或情感障碍的辅助疗法。因此，至关重要的是，将来益生菌可能会更多地参与抑郁症患者的治疗。益生菌成功治疗抑郁症的证据仍然不足，仍需要对抑郁症患者进行更多高质量的研究。并暗示益生菌可能是情绪或情绪障碍的辅助疗法。因此，至关重要的是，将来益生菌可能会更多地参与抑郁症患者的治疗。益生菌成功治疗抑郁症的证据仍然不足，仍需要对抑郁症患者进行更多高质量的研究。并暗示益生菌可能是情绪或情绪障碍的辅助疗法。因此，至关重要的是，将来益生菌可能会更多地参与抑郁症患者的治疗。益生菌成功治疗抑郁症的证据仍然不足，仍需要对抑郁症患者进行更多高质量的研究。