Human body is inhabited by vast number of microorganisms which form a complex ecological community and influence the human physiology, in the aspect of both health and diseases. These microbes show a relationship with the human immune system based on coevolution and, therefore, have a tremendous potential to contribute to the metabolic function, protection against the pathogen and in providing nutrients and energy. However, of these microbes, many carry out some functions that play a crucial role in the host physiology and may even cause diseases. The introduction of new molecular technologies such as transcriptomics, metagenomics and metabolomics has contributed to the upliftment on the findings of the microbiome linked to the humans in the recent past. These rapidly developing technologies are boosting our capacity to understand about the human body-associated microbiome and its association with the human health. The highlights of this review are inclusion of how to derive microbiome data and the interaction between human and associated microbiome to provide an insight on the role played by the microbiome in biological processes of the human body as well as the development of major human diseases.

中文翻译：

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人体微生物组：人体部位特定监测及其可能作用的学术更新

人体栖息着大量的微生物，形成了一个复杂的生态群落，在健康和疾病方面影响着人体的生理机能。这些微生物显示出与基于共同进化的人类免疫系统的关系，因此在促进代谢功能、抵御病原体以及提供营养和能量方面具有巨大的潜力。然而，在这些微生物中，许多执行一些在宿主生理中起关键作用的功能，甚至可能导致疾病。转录组学、宏基因组学和代谢组学等新分子技术的引入有助于提升最近与人类相关的微生物组的发现。这些快速发展的技术正在提高我们了解人体相关微生物组及其与人类健康关系的能力。这篇综述的重点包括如何获取微生物组数据以及人类与相关微生物组之间的相互作用，以深入了解微生物组在人体生物过程以及主要人类疾病的发展中所起的作用。