Incubation temperatures, in addition to an embryo's genetic makeup, are critical in many aspects of adequate sea turtle embryonic development. The effects of high and low incubation temperatures on hatchling quality have been previously examined; however, many of these studies were conducted on relocated or laboratory-reared nests, which do not accurately reflect natural nest temperature fluctuations. To observe the impacts of varying in situ incubation temperatures on loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) hatchling morphology, various health variables and locomotor performance, temperature data loggers were deployed in 15 loggerhead nests on Juno Beach, Florida, between May and July 2018. Over the course of the study period, 10 morphological traits were measured, blood analytes and heart rate were assessed for the establishment of reference intervals and the self-righting response in seawater was evaluated. Warmer months were associated with smaller body size and higher body condition index, larger umbilical scar size, slower righting time, lower heart rates and higher packed cell volume, hemoglobin, total solids, total white blood cell count, absolute heterophils and absolute basophils. These findings provide evidence that higher in situ incubation temperatures have the potential to adversely affect hatchlings from warmer nests due to increased risk of predation from smaller body sizes, decreased physical responses and overall fitness, altered hemodynamic balance (e.g. dehydration) and potential inflammation and/or stress. With rising temperatures, we predict sea turtle hatchlings may have increasing risks of developing suboptimal physiological features affecting overall fitness and ultimately survival. These results demonstrate that rising environmental temperatures can negatively impact sea turtle hatchlings, thus representing additional stress on sea turtle populations and contributing to our understanding of potential pathophysiological effects of climate change on the delicate life-stage class of the sea turtle hatchling. This information will be useful for formulating effective future sea turtle management plans.

中文翻译：

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热量，健康和孵化场：原产巢温度与佛罗里达州海龟孵化场的形态和生理特征的关系。

除胚胎的基因组成外，温育温度在海龟胚胎发育的许多方面都至关重要。先前已经研究了孵化温度高和低对孵化质量的影响。但是，这些研究中有许多是在重新安置或实验室饲养的巢上进行的，这些巢不能准确反映自然的巢温波动。为了观察原位孵化温度变化对海龟（Caretta caretta）孵化形态，各种健康变量和运动性能的影响，于2018年5月至7月之间，将温度数据记录仪部署在佛罗里达州朱诺海滩的15个巢中。在研究过程中，测量了10个形态特征，评估血液分析物和心率以建立参考间隔，并评估海水中的自正响应。温暖的月份与较小的体型和较高的身体状况指数，较大的脐带疤痕尺寸，较慢的扶正时间，较低的心率和较高的细胞堆积量，血红蛋白，总固体，总白细胞数，绝对嗜异性和绝对嗜碱性粒细胞有关。这些发现提供了证据，即较高的原位孵化温度有可能对温暖的巢中的孵化产生不利影响，这是由于较小的体型会增加被捕食的风险，身体反应和整体适应性下降，血液动力学平衡改变（例如脱水）以及潜在的炎症和/或压力。随着温度上升，我们预测，海龟孵化的雏鸡可能会发展出不佳的生理特征，从而影响整体健康并最终生存。这些结果表明，升高的环境温度可能会对海龟孵化产生负面影响，从而给海龟种群带来额外压力，并有助于我们了解气候变化对海龟孵化过程中细腻的生命周期的潜在病理生理影响。该信息将有助于制定有效的未来海龟管理计划。因此，这给海龟种群带来了额外的压力，并有助于我们了解气候变化对海龟孵化过程中细腻的生命阶段的潜在病理生理影响。该信息将有助于制定有效的未来海龟管理计划。因此，这给海龟种群带来了额外的压力，并有助于我们了解气候变化对海龟孵化过程中细腻的生命阶段的潜在病理生理影响。该信息将有助于制定有效的未来海龟管理计划。