Prior research indicates that individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) display emotion regulation abnormalities that are critically linked to increased symptom severity and poor functional outcome. However, processes contributing to the aberrant implementation of various strategies are unclear. The current study took a multimodal approach to identifying mechanisms underlying the impaired implementation of 2 strategies: reappraisal and distraction. Participants included 25 individuals with SZ and 25 healthy controls (CN) who completed separate event-related potential and eye-tracking/pupil dilation tasks. On each task, participants were required to either passively view unpleasant or neutral stimuli or reduce negative affect using reappraisal or distraction emotion regulation strategies. The late positive potential (LPP) event related potential component was used as an objective neurophysiological indicator of emotion regulation effectiveness. Eye tracking and pupil dilation were used to determine whether the implementation of reappraisal and distraction were associated with abnormal patterns of visual attention and reduced cognitive effort, respectively. Results indicated that CN could effectively decrease the amplitude of the LPP for both reappraisal and distraction compared with unpleasant passive viewing; however, individuals with SZ showed comparable LPP amplitude among conditions, indicating a failure to effectively implement these strategies. In CN, successful down-regulation of negative affect was associated with different patterns of visual attention across regulation strategies. During reappraisal, there was an increase in fixations to arousing scene regions, whereas distraction was associated with reduced attention to arousing interest areas. In contrast, individuals with SZ made fewer fixations to arousing interest areas during reappraisal and more fixations to arousing interest areas during distraction. Furthermore, pupil dilation results suggested that individuals with SZ failed to exert adequate effort while implementing reappraisal. Collectively, these findings suggest that individuals with SZ are ineffective at implementing reappraisal and distraction; dysfunctional patterns of visual attention and low cognitive effort may contribute to these difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症情绪调节障碍的神经生理学证据：视觉注意力和认知努力的作用。

先前的研究表明，精神分裂症 (SZ) 患者表现出情绪调节异常，这与症状严重程度增加和功能结果不佳密切相关。然而，导致各种策略异常实施的过程尚不清楚。当前的研究采用多模式方法来确定两种策略实施受损的潜在机制：重新评估和分心。参与者包括 25 名患有 SZ 的人和 25 名健康对照 (CN)，他们分别完成了与事件相关的电位和眼动追踪/瞳孔扩张任务。在每项任务中，参与者被要求要么被动地看待令人不快或中性的刺激，要么使用重新评估或分散注意力的情绪调节策略来减少负面影响。晚期正电位（LPP）事件相关电位成分被用作情绪调节有效性的客观神经生理学指标。眼动追踪和瞳孔扩张被用来确定重新评估和分心的实施是否分别与视觉注意力的异常模式和认知努力的减少有关。结果表明，与不愉快的被动观看相比，CN可以有效地降低重新评估和分心的LPP幅度；然而，患有 SZ 的个体在不同条件下表现出相当的 LPP 幅度，表明未能有效实施这些策略。在 CN 中，负面影响的成功下调与跨调节策略的不同视觉注意模式有关。在重新评估期间，对引起兴趣的场景区域的关注增加，而分心与对引起兴趣区域的注意力减少有关。相比之下，患有 SZ 的人在重新评估时对激发兴趣区域的关注较少，而在分心时对激发兴趣区域的关注较多。此外，瞳孔扩张结果表明，患有 SZ 的人在实施重新评估时未能做出足够的努力。总的来说，这些发现表明患有 SZ 的人无法有效地进行重新评估和分散注意力；功能失调的视觉注意力模式和低认知努力可能会导致这些困难。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。而分心与对引起兴趣领域的注意力减少有关。相比之下，患有 SZ 的人在重新评估时对激发兴趣区域的关注较少，而在分心时对激发兴趣区域的关注较多。此外，瞳孔扩张结果表明，患有 SZ 的人在实施重新评估时未能做出足够的努力。总的来说，这些发现表明患有 SZ 的人无法有效地进行重新评估和分散注意力；功能失调的视觉注意力模式和低认知努力可能会导致这些困难。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。而分心与对引起兴趣领域的注意力减少有关。相比之下，患有 SZ 的人在重新评估时对激发兴趣区域的关注较少，而在分心时对激发兴趣区域的关注较多。此外，瞳孔扩张结果表明，患有 SZ 的人在实施重新评估时未能做出足够的努力。总的来说，这些发现表明患有 SZ 的人无法有效地进行重新评估和分散注意力；功能失调的视觉注意力模式和低认知努力可能会导致这些困难。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。此外，瞳孔扩张结果表明，患有 SZ 的人在实施重新评估时未能做出足够的努力。总的来说，这些发现表明患有 SZ 的人无法有效地进行重新评估和分散注意力；功能失调的视觉注意力模式和低认知努力可能会导致这些困难。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。此外，瞳孔扩张结果表明，患有 SZ 的人在实施重新评估时未能做出足够的努力。总的来说，这些发现表明患有 SZ 的人无法有效地进行重新评估和分散注意力；功能失调的视觉注意力模式和低认知努力可能会导致这些困难。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2020 APA，保留所有权利）。