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Marine Parasites and Disease in the Era of Global Climate Change.
Annual Review of Marine Science ( IF 14.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-031920-100429
James E Byers 1
Affiliation  

Climate change affects ecological processes and interactions, including parasitism. Because parasites are natural components of ecological systems, as well as agents of outbreak and disease-induced mortality, it is important to summarize current knowledge of the sensitivity of parasites to climate and identify how to better predict their responses to it. This need is particularly great in marine systems, where the responses of parasites to climate variables are less well studied than those in other biomes. As examples of climate's influence on parasitism increase, they enable generalizations of expected responses as well as insight into useful study approaches, such as thermal performance curves that compare the vital rates of hosts and parasites when exposed to several temperatures across a gradient. For parasites not killed by rising temperatures, some simple physiological rules, including the tendency of temperature to increase the metabolism of ectotherms and increase oxygen stress on hosts, suggest that parasites’ intensity and pathologies might increase. In addition to temperature, climate-induced changes in dissolved oxygen, ocean acidity, salinity, and host and parasite distributions also affect parasitism and disease, but these factors are much less studied. Finally, because parasites are constituents of ecological communities, we must consider indirect and secondary effects stemming from climate-induced changes in host–parasite interactions, which may not be evident if these interactions are studied in isolation.

中文翻译:


全球气候变化时代的海洋寄生虫和疾病。

气候变化影响生态过程和相互作用,包括寄生。由于寄生虫是生态系统的自然组成部分,也是疾病暴发和疾病致死的诱因,因此总结当前有关寄生虫对气候敏感性的知识并确定如何更好地预测其对气候变化的反应非常重要。在海洋系统中,这种需求特别大,与其他生物群落相比,对寄生虫对气候变量的响应研究较少。作为气候对寄生虫影响增加的示例,它们使对预期响应的概括以及对有用的研究方法的洞察力,例如热性能曲线,该曲线比较了暴露于梯度上的多个温度时宿主和寄生虫的生命率。对于未被温度升高杀死的寄生虫,一些简单的生理规则(包括温度趋于增加等温线代谢和增加寄主上的氧气压力的趋势)表明,寄生虫的强度和病理可能会增加。除了温度以外,气候引起的溶解氧,海洋酸度,盐度以及寄主和寄生虫分布的变化也会影响寄生虫病和疾病,但是对这些因素的研究较少。最后,由于寄生虫是生态群落的组成部分,因此,我们必须考虑由气候引起的宿主-寄生虫相互作用的间接和次级影响,如果单独研究这些相互作用可能并不明显。包括温度升高等温线代谢和增加宿主的氧气压力的趋势,表明寄生虫的强度和病理可能会增加。除了温度之外,气候引起的溶解氧,海洋酸度,盐度以及寄主和寄生虫分布的变化也会影响寄生虫病和疾病,但是对这些因素的研究较少。最后,由于寄生虫是生态群落的组成部分,因此,我们必须考虑由气候引起的宿主-寄生虫相互作用的间接和次级影响,如果单独研究这些相互作用可能并不明显。包括温度升高等温线代谢和增加宿主的氧气压力的趋势,表明寄生虫的强度和病理可能会增加。除了温度之外,气候引起的溶解氧,海洋酸度,盐度以及寄主和寄生虫分布的变化也会影响寄生虫病和疾病,但是对这些因素的研究较少。最后,由于寄生虫是生态群落的组成部分,因此,我们必须考虑由气候引起的宿主-寄生虫相互作用的间接和次级影响,如果单独研究这些相互作用可能并不明显。寄主和寄生虫的分布也会影响寄生虫和疾病,但是对这些因素的研究较少。最后,由于寄生虫是生态群落的组成部分,因此,我们必须考虑由气候引起的宿主-寄生虫相互作用的间接和次级影响,如果单独研究这些相互作用可能并不明显。寄主和寄生虫的分布也会影响寄生虫和疾病,但是对这些因素的研究较少。最后,由于寄生虫是生态群落的组成部分,因此,我们必须考虑由气候引起的宿主-寄生虫相互作用的间接和次级影响,如果单独研究这些相互作用可能并不明显。

更新日期:2021-01-05
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