Several studies investigated preschoolers’ ability to compute scalar and ad-hoc implicatures, but only one compared children's performance with both kinds of implicature with the same task, a picture selection task. In Experiment 1 (N= 58, age: 4;2-6;0), we first show that the truth value judgment task, traditionally employed to investigate children's pragmatic ability, prompts a rate of pragmatic responses comparable to the picture selection task. In Experiment 2 (N= 141, age: 3;8-9;2) we used the picture selection task to compare scalar and ad-hoc implicatures and linked the ability to derive these implicatures to some cognitive and linguistic measures. We found that four- and five-year-olds children performed better on ad-hoc than on scalar implicatures. Furthermore, we found that morphosyntactic competence was associated with success in both kinds of implicatures, while performance on mental state reasoning was positively associated with success on scalar but not ad-hoc implicatures.

中文翻译：

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儿童中的标量和临时语用推理：猜猜哪个更容易

几项研究调查了学龄前儿童计算标量和特定含义的能力，但只有一项研究将儿童的表现与两种含义进行了相同的任务，即图片选择任务进行比较。在实验 1 (ñ= 58，年龄：4;2-6;0)，我们首先表明，传统上用于调查儿童语用能力的真值判断任务提示语用反应率与图片选择任务相当。在实验 2 (ñ= 141，年龄：3；8-9；2）我们使用图片选择任务来比较标量和临时含义，并将得出这些含义的能力与一些认知和语言测量联系起来。我们发现 4 岁和 5 岁儿童在 ad-hoc 上的表现优于在标量含义上的表现。此外，我们发现形态句法能力与这两种含义的成功相关，而心理状态推理的表现与标量而非临时含义的成功呈正相关。