Glässer's disease, caused by Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis), is associated with vascular damage and vascular inflammation in pigs. Therefore, early assessment and treatment are essential to control the inflammatory disorder. MicroRNAs have been shown to be involved in the vascular pathology. Baicalin has important pharmacological functions, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the changes of microRNAs in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells (PAVECs) induced by H. parasuis and the effect of baicalin in this model by utilizing high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that 155 novel microRNAs and 76 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified in all samples. Subsequently, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the target genes of the differentially expressed microRNAs demonstrated that regulation of actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, and adherens junction were the most interesting pathways after PAVECs were infected with H. parasuis. In addition, when the PAVECs were pretreated with baicalin, mismatch repair, peroxisome, oxidative phosphorylation, DNA replication, and ABC transporters were the most predominant signaling pathways. STRING analysis showed that most of the target genes of the differentially expressed microRNAs were associated with each other. The expression levels of the differentially expressed microRNAs were negatively co-regulated with their target genes' mRNA following pretreatment with baicalin in the H. parasuis-induced PAVECs using co-expression networks analysis. This is the first report that microRNAs might have key roles in inflammatory damage of vascular tissue during H. parasuis infection. Baicalin regulated the microRNAs changes in the PAVECs following H. parasuis infection, which may represent useful novel targets to prevent or treat H. parasuis infection.

中文翻译：

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黄芩苷对副猪嗜血杆菌感染猪主动脉血管内皮细胞microRNA表达谱的影响。


格拉瑟氏病由副猪嗜血杆菌 (H. parasuis) 引起，与猪的血管损伤和血管炎症有关。因此，早期评估和治疗对于控制炎症性疾病至关重要。 MicroRNA 已被证明参与血管病理学。黄芩苷具有重要的药理功能，包括抗炎、抗菌和抗氧化作用。在本研究中，我们利用高通量测序研究了副猪嗜血杆菌诱导的猪主动脉血管内皮细胞（PAVEC）中microRNA的变化以及黄芩苷在此模型中的作用。结果显示，所有样本中均鉴定出 155 个新型 microRNA 和 76 个差异表达 microRNA。随后，京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路对差异表达的microRNA的靶基因进行富集分析，结果显示，对肌动蛋白细胞骨架、粘着斑、ECM-受体相互作用、上皮细胞细菌侵袭和粘附连接的调节最为重要。 PAVECs 感染副猪嗜血菌后的有趣途径。此外，当用黄芩苷预处理 PAVEC 时，错配修复、过氧化物酶体、氧化磷酸化、DNA 复制和 ABC 转运蛋白是最主要的信号通路。 STRING分析表明，大多数差异表达的microRNA的靶基因是相互关联的。使用共表达网络分析，在副猪嗜血菌诱导的 PAVEC 中用黄芩苷预处理后，差异表达的 microRNA 的表达水平与其靶基因的 mRNA 负向共调节。 这是首次报道 microRNA 可能在副猪嗜血菌感染期间血管组织的炎症损伤中发挥关键作用。黄芩苷调节副猪嗜血菌感染后 PAVEC 中 microRNA 的变化，这可能是预防或治疗副猪嗜血菌感染的有用新靶点。