Three-dimensional (3D) graphene networks are performance boosters for functional nanostructures in energy-related fields. Although tremendous intriguing nanostructures-decorated 3D graphene networks have been realized, on-demand decoration of nanostructures in the specified position of interest within the whole 3D graphene skeleton is still out of reach, shedding limitations on constructing more sophisticated components with programmable structures which offer enormous potential for the enhancement of performance and exploration of new functions. Here, we report the melamine-sponge (MS)-templated hydrothermal method capable of realizing reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-nanostructure composite aerogels with programmable structures and compositions. The key of this method is using the MS template to preset the structures of choice through programmable solution-processed immobilization of graphene oxide (GO) and nanostructures. Remarkably, the hydrothermal treatment simultaneously removed the MS template and reduced the GO networks without changing the preset structures. We showcased nine typical RGO-nanostructures composite aerogels to demonstrate the versatility of the MS-templated hydrothermal method.

中文翻译：

---

三聚氰胺-海绵模板水热法的一般和可编程合成石墨烯基复合气凝胶。

三维（3D）石墨烯网络是能源相关领域中功能纳米结构的性能提升器。尽管已经实现了许多令人着迷的用纳米结构装饰的3D石墨烯网络，但仍无法实现按需装饰整个3D石墨烯骨架内指定位置的纳米结构，这限制了使用可编程结构构造更复杂组件的局限性增强性能和探索新功能的潜力。在这里，我们报告的三聚氰胺海绵（MS）模板水热方法能够实现具有可编程的结构和组成的还原的氧化石墨烯（RGO）-纳米结构复合气凝胶。该方法的关键是使用MS模板通过可编程的溶液处理固定化氧化石墨烯（GO）和纳米结构来预设选择的结构。值得注意的是，水热处理同时去除了MS模板并减少了GO网络，而无需更改预设结构。我们展示了九种典型的RGO-纳米结构复合气凝胶，以证明MS模板水热法的多功能性。