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The red admiral butterfly's living light sensors and signals.
Faraday Discussions ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00075b PrimoŽ Pirih 1 , Andrej Meglič , Doekele Stavenga , Kentaro Arikawa , Gregor Belušič
Faraday Discussions ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00075b PrimoŽ Pirih 1 , Andrej Meglič , Doekele Stavenga , Kentaro Arikawa , Gregor Belušič
Affiliation
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We studied the wing colouration and the compound eyes of red admiral butterflies with optical methods. We measured reflectance spectra of the wing and scales of Vanessa atalanta and modelled the thin film reflectance of the wing membrane and blue scales. We utilized the eyeshine in the compound eye of Vanessa indica to determine the spectral and polarisation characteristics of its optical sensor units, the ommatidia. Pupil responses were measured with a large-aperture optophysiological setup as reduction in the eyeshine reflection caused by monochromatic stimuli. Processing of spectral and polarisation responses of individual ommatidia revealed a random array with three types of ommatidia: about 10% contain two blue-sensitive photoreceptors, 45% have two UV-sensitive photoreceptors, and 45% have a mixed UV–blue pair. All types contain six green receptors and a basal photoreceptor. Optical modelling of the rhabdom suggests that the basal photoreceptors have a red-shifted sensitivity, which might enhance the red admiral’s ability to discriminate red colours on the wing. Under daylight conditions, the red shift of the basal photoreceptor is ∼30 nm, compared to the rhodopsin spectrum template peaking at 520 nm, while the shift of green photoreceptors is ∼15 nm.
中文翻译：
红色海军上将蝴蝶的活光传感器和信号。
我们用光学方法研究了红色海军上将蝴蝶的翅膀颜色和复眼。我们测量了Vanessa atalanta翅膀和鳞片的反射光谱，并模拟了翼膜和蓝色鳞片的薄膜反射率。我们利用了Vanessa indica复眼中的眼影确定其光学传感器单元 ommatidia 的光谱和偏振特性。瞳孔反应是用大孔径光生理学设置测量的，因为单色刺激引起的眼睛反射减少。对单个小眼的光谱和偏振响应的处理显示具有三种类型的小眼的随机阵列：大约 10% 包含两个蓝色敏感光感受器，45% 有两个紫外线敏感光感受器，45% 有一个混合的紫外线 - 蓝色对。所有类型都包含六个绿色受体和一个基础光感受器。横纹肌的光学模型表明，基础光感受器具有红移敏感性，这可能会增强红海军上将区分机翼上红色的能力。在日光条件下，基底光感受器的红移约为 30 nm，
更新日期：2020-08-06
中文翻译：
红色海军上将蝴蝶的活光传感器和信号。
我们用光学方法研究了红色海军上将蝴蝶的翅膀颜色和复眼。我们测量了Vanessa atalanta翅膀和鳞片的反射光谱，并模拟了翼膜和蓝色鳞片的薄膜反射率。我们利用了Vanessa indica复眼中的眼影确定其光学传感器单元 ommatidia 的光谱和偏振特性。瞳孔反应是用大孔径光生理学设置测量的，因为单色刺激引起的眼睛反射减少。对单个小眼的光谱和偏振响应的处理显示具有三种类型的小眼的随机阵列：大约 10% 包含两个蓝色敏感光感受器，45% 有两个紫外线敏感光感受器，45% 有一个混合的紫外线 - 蓝色对。所有类型都包含六个绿色受体和一个基础光感受器。横纹肌的光学模型表明，基础光感受器具有红移敏感性，这可能会增强红海军上将区分机翼上红色的能力。在日光条件下，基底光感受器的红移约为 30 nm，
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