The purpose of this study was to compare sensory reweighting for upright stance between soccer players who report higher soccer heading exposure to those who report lower soccer heading exposure. Thirty participants completed a self-reported questionnaire to estimate the number of soccer headers experienced over the previous year and were divided into “low exposure” and “high exposure” groups based on their responses. Sensory reweighting for upright stance was assessed by simultaneously perturbing visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems. The visual stimulus was a sinusoidal translation of the visual scene at 0.2 Hz, the vestibular stimulus was ±1mA binaural monopolar galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) at 0.36 Hz, and the proprioceptive stimulus was Achilles tendon vibration at 0.28 Hz. The visual stimulus was presented at two amplitudes (0.2 m, 0.8 m). Center of mass (COM) gain/phase to each modality, total power, 95% area and velocity were compared between low exposure (N = 15, six males, 21.5 ± 1.9 years, 27.7 ± 31.6 headers) and high exposure groups (N = 15, 10 males, 22.1 ± 3.5years, 734.9 ± 877.7 headers). Without vibration, COM 95% area (F = 5.861, p = 0.022*, partial η² = 0.173), velocity (F = 14.198, p = 0.001, partial η² = 0.336), and total power (F = 13.491, p = 0.001, partial η² = 0.325) for the “high exposure” group were higher than for the “low exposure” group, and postural sway lagged the vestibular stimulus in the “high exposure” group rather than leading it as in the “low exposure” group (F = 4.765, p = 0.038, partial η² = 0.145). There were no differences in sensory reweighting and no differences in COM gain/phase between groups. These findings lend empirical evidence to a detrimental effect of soccer heading exposure on balance control during upright stance.

中文翻译：

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足球运动员直立姿势的感官重新加权：高低暴露于足球头球的比较。

本研究的目的是比较报告较高足球头球暴露的足球运动员与报告较低足球头球暴露的足球运动员之间直立姿势的感官重新加权。三十名参与者完成了一份自我报告的问卷，以估计上一年经历的足球头球数量，并根据他们的回答分为“低暴露”和“高暴露”组。通过同时扰乱视觉、前庭和本体感觉系统来评估直立姿势的感觉重新加权。视觉刺激是 0.2 Hz 视觉场景的正弦平移，前庭刺激是 ±1mA 双耳单极前庭电刺激 (GVS)，0.36 Hz，本体感觉刺激是 0.28 Hz 跟腱振动。视觉刺激以两个幅度（0.2 m、0.8 m）呈现。在低暴露组（N = 15，六名男性，21.5 ± 1.9 岁，27.7 ± 31.6 头）和高暴露组（N = 15，10 名男性，22.1 ± 3.5 岁，734.9 ± 877.7 头）。无振动，COM 95% 面积 (F = 5.861,p  = 0.022*，部分 η ²  = 0.173），速度（F = 14.198，p  = 0.001，部分 η ²  = 0.336）和总功率（F = 13.491，p  = 0.001，部分 η ²  = 0.325）高暴露组高于“低暴露”组，姿势摇摆滞后于“高暴露”组的前庭刺激，而不是像“低暴露”组那样领先（F = 4.765，p  = 0.038，部分 η ²  = 0.145)。感觉重新加权没有差异，组间 COM 增益/相位也没有差异。这些发现为足球头球暴露对直立站立时的平衡控制产生不利影响提供了经验证据。