Tourism development activities affect the structure and functions of ecosystems directly triggering changes in the thermal environment of tourism destinations and raising a need for sustainable development of the tourism industry. Using the 2005–2015 moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data on the land surface temperature combined with the land use data, the urban thermal environment contribution index (CI) of prefecture-level cities and ecosystem types corresponding to the study area in Sichuan-Chongqing region were quantitatively calculated under various seasonal and diurnal conditions in terms of the scales of administrative divisions and ecosystem types. The characteristics of the roles played by different cities and ecosystem types to contribute to the thermal environment of the metropolitan region were summarized, and the differences and changes in the corresponding contribution intensity of various ecosystem types were measured. The results indicate the following: (1) Different cities play different roles as the sources and sinks with respect to the thermal environment in the daytime and nighttime. Based on the diurnal differences of the contribution indices, cities can be divided into three types: the day-night heat source type, the day-sink and night-source type, and the day-night heat sink type. (2) The farmland and the grassland ecosystems are the most important source and sink landscapes in the thermal environment of the Sichuan-Chongqing Region, respectively. (3) The region is affected by the spatial arrangement of the internal ecosystems and its own development conditions, and, consequently, there are significant temporal-spatial variations and role transitions between heat source and heat sink regarding the contribution of different ecosystem types to the thermal environment of individual cities. It is important to scientifically regulate the thermal environment effect on tourism destinations and maintain the comfort and sustainable development through identifying the source and sink ecosystems of the thermal environment, controlling the quantity and spatial arrangement of the heat source ecosystems, and fully enabling the cooling effect of the heat sink ecosystems.

中文翻译：

---

旅游目的地热环境的空间异质性和生态系统时空变化的贡献-以川渝地区为例

旅游业发展活动影响生态系统的结构和功能，直接引发旅游目的地热环境的变化，并提高了旅游业可持续发展的需要。利用2005-2015年有关地表温度的中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）数据与土地利用数据相结合，得出与四川研究区相对应的地级城市和生态系统类型的城市热环境贡献指数（CI）根据行政区划的规模和生态系统类型，在各种季节和白天条件下对重庆地区进行了定量计算。总结了不同城市和生态系统类型对大都市区热环境的贡献作用的特征，并测量了各种生态系统类型相应贡献强度的差异和变化。结果表明：（1）在白天和晚上，不同城市在热环境方面起着不同的作用。根据贡献指数的日间差异，可以将城市分为三种类型：日夜热源类型，日间热源和夜源类型以及日夜热沉类型。（2）在川渝热环境中，农田和草地生态系统分别是最重要的源和汇景观。（3）该区域受到内部生态系统的空间布局及其自身发展条件的影响，因此，考虑到不同生态系统类型对各个城市热环境的贡献，热源与散热器之间存在明显的时空变化和角色转换。科学地确定热环境对旅游目的地的影响，并通过识别热环境的源和汇生态系统，控制热源生态系统的数量和空间布局，并充分实现降温效果，来保持舒适和可持续发展至关重要。散热器生态系统。