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Rational subsets of Baumslag-Solitar groups
arXiv - CS - Formal Languages and Automata Theory Pub Date : 2020-06-21 , DOI: arxiv-2006.11898
Micha\"el Cadilhac, Dmitry Chistikov, Georg Zetzsche

We consider the rational subset membership problem for Baumslag-Solitar groups. These groups form a prominent class in the area of algorithmic group theory, and they were recently identified as an obstacle for understanding the rational subsets of $\text{GL}(2,\mathbb{Q})$. We show that rational subset membership for Baumslag-Solitar groups $\text{BS}(1,q)$ with $q\ge 2$ is decidable and PSPACE-complete. To this end, we introduce a word representation of the elements of $\text{BS}(1,q)$: their pointed expansion (PE), an annotated $q$-ary expansion. Seeing subsets of $\text{BS}(1,q)$ as word languages, this leads to a natural notion of PE-regular subsets of $\text{BS}(1, q)$: these are the subsets of $\text{BS}(1,q)$ whose sets of PE are regular languages. Our proof shows that every rational subset of $\text{BS}(1,q)$ is PE-regular. Since the class of PE-regular subsets of $\text{BS}(1,q)$ is well-equipped with closure properties, we obtain further applications of these results. Our results imply that (i) emptiness of Boolean combinations of rational subsets is decidable, (ii) membership to each fixed rational subset of $\text{BS}(1,q)$ is decidable in logarithmic space, and (iii) it is decidable whether a given rational subset is recognizable. In particular, it is decidable whether a given finitely generated subgroup of $\text{BS}(1,q)$ has finite index.

中文翻译:

Baumslag-Solitar 群的有理子集

我们考虑 Baumslag-Solitar 群的有理子集成员问题。这些群在算法群论领域形成了一个突出的类,它们最近被确定为理解 $\text{GL}(2,\mathbb{Q})$ 的有理子集的障碍。我们证明 Baumslag-Solitar 群 $\text{BS}(1,q)$ 和 $q\ge 2$ 的有理子集成员资格是可判定的且 PSPACE 完备的。为此,我们引入了 $\text{BS}(1,q)$ 元素的单词表示:它们的指向扩展(PE),一个带注释的 $q$-ary 扩展。将 $\text{BS}(1,q)$ 的子集视为单词语言,这导致了 $\text{BS}(1, q)$ 的 PE 正则子集的自然概念:这些是 $ \text{BS}(1,q)$ 其 PE 集是常规语言。我们的证明表明 $\text{BS}(1,q)$ 的每个有理子集都是 PE 正则的。由于 $\text{BS}(1,q)$ 的 PE 正则子集类具有闭包特性,因此我们获得了这些结果的进一步应用。我们的结果意味着 (i) 有理子集的布尔组合的空性是可判定的,(ii) $\text{BS}(1,q)$ 的每个固定有理子集的成员资格在对数空间中是可判定的,以及 (iii) 它可判定给定的有理子集是否可识别。特别是,$\text{BS}(1,q)$ 的给定有限生成子群是否具有有限索引是可判定的。q)$ 在对数空间中是可判定的,并且 (iii) 可判定给定的有理子集是否可识别。特别是,$\text{BS}(1,q)$ 的给定有限生成子群是否具有有限索引是可判定的。q)$ 在对数空间中是可判定的,并且 (iii) 可判定给定的有理子集是否可识别。特别是,$\text{BS}(1,q)$ 的给定有限生成子群是否具有有限索引是可判定的。
更新日期:2020-06-23
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