Abstract In heavily forested rural areas, tax-incentivization programs are commonly employed to encourage timber production and harvesting activities. Because of growing interest in developing woody-biomass-based biofuels in the Western Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA, we analyzed property records to determine who the regional actors are along with what role tax-incentivization programs may play. We found that a minority of entities collectively control 77 percent of the land in the region; however, family forest owners collectively own 23 percent of the land. Although tax-incentive programs are commonly used by commercial forests, the requirements of the primary program in Michigan program appear to preclude most family forests in the region. Accordingly, this study suggests that a greater understanding of reluctance of family forests to enroll in secondary programs is needed, or a lowering of forestland requirements to permit more family forests to enroll.

中文翻译：

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美国密歇根州西部上部半岛的森林所有权模式

摘要在森林茂密的农村地区，税收激励计划通常用于鼓励木材生产和采伐活动。由于对在美国密歇根州西部上半岛开发木质生物质基生物燃料的兴趣日益浓厚，我们分析了财产记录，以确定谁是区域参与者，以及税收激励计划可能扮演的角色。我们发现，少数实体共同控制了该地区77％的土地；但是，家庭林所有者集体拥有23％的土地。尽管商品林通常采用税收激励计划，但密歇根州基本计划的要求似乎排除了该地区大多数家庭林。因此，