Wetlands embedded in agroecosystems provide vital ecosystem services (i.e., freeze protection, water retention, nutrient cycling, biodiversity support). However, they are particularly susceptible to invasion by nonnative species. West Indian marsh grass [Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees] is a major wetland invader in Florida. Despite the documented consequences of H. amplexicaulis invasions, the landscape factors influencing the spread of this species are poorly understood. In this study, we asked whether landscape factors associated with wetland isolation, connectivity, and land management influence the presence of H. amplexicaulis among wetlands embedded in pastures. We recorded the presence or absence of H. amplexicaulis in 158 seasonal wetlands embedded in different pasture types (semi-natural vs. intensively managed). Wetland area, isolation from neighboring wetlands, isolation from the nearest source ditch, and connectivity were determined using a geographic information system (GIS). We related landscape factors to H. amplexicaulis using generalized linear models and model selection based on the second-order Akaike information criterion. Hymenachne amplexicaulis was first detected at the study site in the early 2000s. By 2018, we observed this species in 66% of the surveyed wetlands. The likelihood of observing H. amplexicaulis was higher in wetlands embedded in semi-natural pastures and higher in less isolated wetlands, especially when connected to a ditch. These results indicate that H. amplexicaulis spreads both overland (during seasonal flooding) and via the ditch network. Future work is needed to understand whether seeds or stolons are the primary invasion propagule and whether the species forms a persistent seed bank that could slow down restoration efforts. Additionally, further research is required to understand the ecological impact of this highly invasive plant in Florida wetlands.

中文翻译：

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驱动入侵草、Hymenachne amplexicaulis 在佛罗里达亚热带牧场湿地中传播的景观因素

嵌入农业生态系统的湿地提供重要的生态系统服务（即防冻、保水、养分循环、生物多样性支持）。然而，它们特别容易受到外来物种的入侵。西印度沼泽草 [抱膜膜藻(Rudge) Nees] 是佛罗里达州的主要湿地入侵者。尽管有记录的后果H.抱茎入侵，影响该物种传播的景观因素知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们询问与湿地隔离、连通性和土地管理相关的景观因素是否会影响湿地的存在。H.抱茎在嵌入牧场的湿地之间。我们记录了有无H.抱茎在嵌入不同牧场类型（半自然与集约管理）的 158 个季节性湿地中。使用地理信息系统 (GIS) 确定湿地面积、与邻近湿地的隔离度、与最近源沟的隔离度和连通性。我们将景观因素与H.抱茎使用基于二阶赤池信息准则的广义线性模型和模型选择。抱膜膜藻2000 年代初在研究地点首次检测到。到 2018 年，我们在 66% 的调查湿地中观察到了该物种。观察的可能性H.抱茎在嵌入半天然牧场的湿地中更高，在不太孤立的湿地中更高，特别是当连接到沟渠时。这些结果表明H.抱茎通过陆上（季节性洪水期间）和沟渠网络传播。未来的工作需要了解种子或匍匐茎是否是主要的入侵繁殖体，以及该物种是否形成了一个可以减缓恢复工作的持久种子库。此外，需要进一步的研究来了解这种高度入侵植物对佛罗里达湿地的生态影响。