The rate of passage (ROP) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) influences the exposure time of food to the digestion and absorption processes. Consequently, ROP affects the efficiency of nutrient utilization and energy from the diet. This study aimed to determine the physiological parameters that characterize the digestive response, such as first appearance time (FAT), ROP, mean retention time (MRT) and transit time (TT) in adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), and to evaluate the effects of sex, apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) content in the diet and different types of markers on these parameters. In the first trial, we investigated the effects of sex and AMEn level (high- and low-energy diet) on the FAT parameter. Thirty-two male and 32 female Japanese quail were randomly allocated to 8 battery cages and assigned to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 4 replicates of 4 birds for each treatment. To determine the FAT, ferric oxide (1%) was added to the diet, and the excreta of the quail was monitored until the first appearance of the marker. The results indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) in the FAT between males (100 min) and females (56 min), regardless of the AMEn content. In the second trial, thirty-two 32-week-old female Japanese quail in the laying phase were assigned to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design, in which the main independent variables were type of marker (Cr or Ti) and AMEn level (high- and low-energy diets). In order to determine ROP (ET1%), MRT and TT (ET100%), the markers (0.5%: Cr2O3 and 0.5%: TiO2) were added to the diets, and the excreta were collected for 750 min. The excretion times for 1% (ET1%), 25% (ET25%), 50% (ET50%), 75% (ET75%) and 100% (ET100%) were estimated using cumulative excretion curves. No effect was detected for the AMEn level (P > 0.05); however, the effect of different marker types was significant (P < 0.05). This difference increased with time and ET100% was estimated to occur at 59 min. The ROP was estimated to be 68 min. The TT was estimated to be 540 min using Cr and 599 min using Ti, with an average MRT value of 0930 h. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that Japanese quail digestion through the GIT can be dynamic and differ based on sex or marker type.

胃肠道（GIT）的通过率（ROP）影响食物在消化和吸收过程中的暴露时间。因此，ROP影响营养物质利用效率和饮食中的能量。这项研究旨在确定表征消化反应的生理参数，例如成年鹌鹑（Coturnix coturnix japonica）的首次出现时间（FAT），ROP，平均保留时间（MRT）和传播时间（TT），并进行评估性别的影响，针对氮平衡校正的表观可代谢能量（AME n）饮食中的含量以及这些参数上不同类型的标记。在第一个试验中，我们研究了性别和AME n水平（高能量和低能量饮食）对FAT参数的影响。将32只日本鹌鹑和32只雌性日本鹌鹑随机分配到8个电池笼中，并按2×2因子设计分配给4种处理方法，每种处理方法有4个鸟的4个重复。为了确定FAT，将三氧化二铁（1％）添加到饮食中，并监测鹌鹑的排泄物，直到标记物首次出现。结果表明，不管AME n是多少，男性（100分钟）和女性（56分钟）之间的FAT差异显着（P <0.05）。内容。在第二项试验中，将处于产蛋期的32只32周龄的日本鹌鹑分配给2×2因子设计的四种处理，其中主要自变量为标记物的类型（Cr或Ti）和AME n水平（高能量和低能量饮食）。为了确定ROP（ET 1％），MRT和TT（ET 100％），在饮食中添加了标记物（0.5％：Cr 2 O 3和0.5％：TiO 2），并收集了750的排泄物。分钟 排泄时间分别为1％（ET 1％），25％（ET 25％），50％（ET 50％），75％（ET 75％）和100％（使用累积排泄曲线估算ET 100％。AME n水平未检测到影响（P > 0.05）；然而，不同标记物类型的影响是显着的（P <0.05）。该差异随时间增加，并且估计在59分钟时发生ET 100％。ROP估计为68分钟。使用Cr的TT估计为540分钟，使用Ti的TT估计为599分钟，平均MRT值为0930 h。综上所述，我们的发现支持以下假设：日本人通过GIT进行鹌鹑消化可能是动态的，并且会根据性别或标记类型而有所不同。