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Climate-human interactions contributed to historical forest recruitment dynamics in Mediterranean subalpine ecosystems.
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15246 Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda 1 , Jan Esper 2 , Ulf Büntgen 3, 4, 5, 6 , J Julio Camarero 7 , Alfredo Di Filippo 8 , Michele Baliva 8 , Gianluca Piovesan 8
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15246 Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda 1 , Jan Esper 2 , Ulf Büntgen 3, 4, 5, 6 , J Julio Camarero 7 , Alfredo Di Filippo 8 , Michele Baliva 8 , Gianluca Piovesan 8
Affiliation
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Long‐term tree recruitment dynamics of subalpine forests mainly depend on temperature changes, but little is known about the feedbacks between historical land use and climate. Here, we analyze a southern European, millennium‐long dataset of tree recruitment from three high‐elevation pine forests located in Mediterranean mountains (Pyrenees, northeastern Spain; Pollino, southern Italy; and Mt. Smolikas, northern Greece). We identify synchronized recruitment peaks in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, following prolonged periods of societal and climate instability. Major European population crises in the 14th and 15th centuries associated with recurrent famines, the Black Death pandemic, and political turmoil are likely to have reduced the deforestation of subalpine environments and caused widespread rewilding. We suggest that a distinct cold phase in the Little Ice Age around 1450 ce could also have accelerated the cessation of grazing pressure, particularly in the Pyrenees, where the demographic crisis was less severe. Most pronounced in the Pyrenees, the enhanced pine recruitment from around 1500–1550 ce coincides with temporarily warmer temperatures associated with a positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. We diagnose that a mixture of human and climate factors has influenced past forest recruitment dynamics in Mediterranean subalpine ecosystems. Our results highlight how complex human–climate interactions shaped forest dynamics during pre‐industrial times and provide historical analogies to recent rewilding.
中文翻译：
气候-人与人之间的相互作用促进了地中海亚高山生态系统中历史森林的募集动态。
亚高山森林的长期树木募集动态主要取决于温度变化，但对历史土地利用与气候之间的反馈知之甚少。在这里，我们分析了位于欧洲山区（西班牙东北部的比利牛斯山脉，意大利南部的波利诺和希腊北部的斯莫里卡斯山）的三个高海拔松树林中募集的欧洲南部千年树集数据集。在长期的社会和气候不稳定之后，我们确定了15世纪末和16世纪初同步的招聘高峰。在14和15世纪，与频发的饥荒，黑死病大流行和政治动荡相关的欧洲主要人口危机很可能已减少了亚高山环境的森林砍伐，并引起了广泛的野营。 行政长官也可能加速了放牧压力停止，尤其是在比利牛斯山脉，那里的人口危机那么严重。最明显的比利牛斯山脉，增强松招募各地1500-1550的 CE恰逢与北大西洋涛动的正相相关的暂时回暖的温度。我们诊断出，人类和气候因素的混合影响了地中海亚高山生态系统中过去的森林募集动态。我们的研究结果突显了工业化前人类与气候之间的复杂相互作用如何塑造森林动态，并为近期的野外野蛮提供了历史比喻。
更新日期：2020-08-11
中文翻译：
气候-人与人之间的相互作用促进了地中海亚高山生态系统中历史森林的募集动态。
亚高山森林的长期树木募集动态主要取决于温度变化，但对历史土地利用与气候之间的反馈知之甚少。在这里，我们分析了位于欧洲山区（西班牙东北部的比利牛斯山脉，意大利南部的波利诺和希腊北部的斯莫里卡斯山）的三个高海拔松树林中募集的欧洲南部千年树集数据集。在长期的社会和气候不稳定之后，我们确定了15世纪末和16世纪初同步的招聘高峰。在14和15世纪，与频发的饥荒，黑死病大流行和政治动荡相关的欧洲主要人口危机很可能已减少了亚高山环境的森林砍伐，并引起了广泛的野营。 行政长官也可能加速了放牧压力停止，尤其是在比利牛斯山脉，那里的人口危机那么严重。最明显的比利牛斯山脉，增强松招募各地1500-1550的 CE恰逢与北大西洋涛动的正相相关的暂时回暖的温度。我们诊断出，人类和气候因素的混合影响了地中海亚高山生态系统中过去的森林募集动态。我们的研究结果突显了工业化前人类与气候之间的复杂相互作用如何塑造森林动态，并为近期的野外野蛮提供了历史比喻。
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