The novel nanomaterials (e.g., gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), quantum dots (QDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxides (GOs), and metal organic frameworks (MOFs)) with unique characteristics have been widely applied for the construction of in vitro and in vivo nanosensors. However, the detection of extremely low abundant biomarkers remains a great challenge. To solve this issue, different kinds of nucleic acid amplification approaches (e.g., hybridization chain reaction (HCR), Exo III-assisted target recycling (EATR), strand displacement amplification (SDA), rolling circle amplification (RCA), and ligase chain reaction (LCR)) have been introduced, endowing the nanosensors with improved sensitivity and good performance. In this review, we summarize the recent advance in the development of nanosensors based on the integration of nanomaterials with nucleic acid amplification approaches for sensitive detection of DNAs, RNAs, enzymes, proteins, and small biomolecules. Moreover, we give a new insight into their future directions.

新型纳米材料（例如，金纳米颗粒（AuNP），银纳米颗粒（AgNP），铂纳米颗粒（PtNP），量子点（QD），碳纳米管（CNT），氧化石墨烯（GO）和金属有机骨架（MOF））具有独特特征的方法已被广泛用于体外和体内构建纳米传感器。然而，极低丰度生物标志物的检测仍然是巨大的挑战。为了解决此问题，可以使用不同种类的核酸扩增方法（例如，杂交链反应（HCR），Exo III辅助靶物回收（EATR），链置换扩增（SDA），滚环扩增（RCA）和连接酶链反应（LCR））被引入，赋予纳米传感器更高的灵敏度和良好的性能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了基于纳米材料与核酸扩增方法集成的纳米传感器开发的最新进展，该方法可对DNA，RNA，酶，蛋白质和小生物分子进行灵敏检测。此外，我们对他们的未来方向提供了新的见解。