Estrogen plays a key role in the regulation of reproductive behavior and control of the neuroendocrine system in both males and females. However, excessive quantity of exogenous estrogen produces a deleterious effect on the male reproductive system. To elucidate the mechanism by which estrogen modulates its receptor alpha (ESR1) in immature chicken during stress the study has been undertaken. The experiment investigated the physiological changes in the abundance of ESR1 in brain, pituitary and testes of immature male chickens after stress like water restriction. Twenty four immature male chickens were randomly assigned into four groups. The control group was provided with food and water ad libitum, second was water restricted 9 h each day for seven days (WR), third was treated with estradiol benzoate (EB) and fourth group was treated with EB followed by water restriction during last seven days of treatment (EB + WR). EB was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/100 g/day for 12 days. EB administration as well as WR increases both the H2O2 and Malondialdehyde levels indicating oxidative stress in brain as well as in testis. Plasma corticosterone significantly increased in all groups while estradiol significantly decreased after water restriction. ESR1 protein was detected by immuno-fluorescence predominantly in the pre-optic area of the hypothalamus, pituitary and testes after EB administration. EB administration increases ESR1 proteins abundantly in the Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, spermatogonia and spermatids while WR decreases it. The decline in ESR1 proteins after EB administration during stress appears to be mediated by interaction of estrogen with hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Therefore, the findings substantiate the fact that WR and EB treatment increase the stress and alter the anti-oxidant enzymes via its receptor ESR1 in the brain, pituitary and testis of immature chicks. Moreover, these findings highlight the effect of estradiol in male chicks causing stress which is disrupting the normal physiological feedback mechanism in hormone release and the expression of receptor ESR1 along the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.

中文翻译：

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雌激素和应激对未成熟雄性家鸡HPG轴雌激素受体1的影响：抗氧化系统的参与

雌激素在调节男性和女性的生殖行为和控制神经内分泌系统中起着关键作用。然而，过量的外源性雌激素会对男性生殖系统产生有害影响。为了阐明雌激素在应激状态下在未成熟鸡中调节其受体α (ESR1) 的机制，进行了这项研究。实验研究了限制水等应激后未成熟雄性鸡脑、垂体和睾丸中ESR1丰度的生理变化。24 只未成熟的雄性鸡被随机分为四组。对照组随意提供食物和水，其次是每天禁水9小时，持续7天（WR），第三组用苯甲酸雌二醇 (EB) 治疗，第四组用 EB 治疗，然后在治疗的最后 7 天（EB + WR）限水。EB 以 0.5 毫克/100 克/天的剂量给药，持续 12 天。EB 给药以及 WR 会增加 H2O2 和丙二醛水平，表明大脑和睾丸中的氧化应激。限水后，所有组的血浆皮质酮显着增加，而雌二醇显着降低。ESR1 蛋白主要在 EB 给药后下丘脑、垂体和睾丸的视前区通过免疫荧光检测到。EB 给药可大量增加支持细胞、间质细胞、精原细胞和精子细胞中的 ESR1 蛋白，而 WR 则减少它。应激期间 EB 给药后 ESR1 蛋白的下降似乎是由雌激素与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴的相互作用介导的。因此，这些发现证实了这样一个事实，即 WR 和 EB 处理通过其在未成熟雏鸡的大脑、垂体和睾丸中的受体 ESR1 增加压力并改变抗氧化酶。此外，这些发现强调了雌二醇对雄性雏鸡造成压力的影响，这会破坏激素释放的正常生理反馈机制和沿下丘脑-垂体-性腺 (HPG) 轴的受体 ESR1 的表达。这些发现证实了这样一个事实，即 WR 和 EB 治疗会增加压力并通过其在未成熟雏鸡的大脑、垂体和睾丸中的受体 ESR1 改变抗氧化酶。此外，这些发现强调了雌二醇对雄性雏鸡造成压力的影响，这会破坏激素释放的正常生理反馈机制和沿下丘脑-垂体-性腺 (HPG) 轴的受体 ESR1 的表达。这些发现证实了这样一个事实，即 WR 和 EB 治疗会增加压力并通过其在未成熟雏鸡的大脑、垂体和睾丸中的受体 ESR1 改变抗氧化酶。此外，这些发现强调了雌二醇对雄性雏鸡造成压力的影响，这会破坏激素释放的正常生理反馈机制和沿下丘脑-垂体-性腺 (HPG) 轴的受体 ESR1 的表达。