Tree growing conditions are changing rapidly in the face of climate change. Capturing tree-growth response to such changes across environmental contexts and tree species calls for a continuous forest monitoring over space. Based on >10,000 tree-ring measurements sampled across the systematic grid of the continuous French national forest inventory (NFI) over the 2006–2016 period, we evaluated the radial growth trends of eight conifer tree species prevalent in European forests across their native and introduced ranges and various bioclimatic contexts (n = 16 forest systems). For each forest system, radial increments were filtered out from tree, plot, soil and climatic normal influences to isolate environment-driven growth signals and quantify residual time-series. Associated growth trends across forest systems were then confronted against environmental variables (e.g. short-term averages and trends in seasonal climate). Trends for a given species were systematically more positive in cooler contexts (higher elevations or northern distribution margins) than in warmer contexts (plains). Decreases and increases in precipitation regimes were found to be associated with negative and positive tree growth trends, respectively. Remarkably, positive growth trends were mainly observed for native forest systems (7/9) and negative trends for introduced systems (5/7). Native forests showed a more heterogeneous forest structure as compared to introduced forests that, in line with observed positive dependence of tree growth trends onto both water availability and forest heterogeneity, appears to modulate the competitive pressure on water resource with ongoing summer maximum temperature increase. Over a short annually-resolved study period, we were able to capture tree growth responses coherent with climate change across diverse forest ecosystems. With ongoing accumulation of data, the continuous French NFI hence arises as powerful support to monitoring climate change effects on forests.

面对气候变化，树木的生长条件正在迅速改变。要捕获树木生长对环境环境和树木物种变化的响应，就需要对森林进行连续的空间监测。根据2006-2016年间法国全国持续森林资源调查（NFI）的系统网格上抽样的10,000余棵树木年轮测量结果，我们评估了欧洲森林中原生和引入的八种针叶树种的径向生长趋势范围和各种生物气候环境（n = 16个森林系统）。对于每个森林系统，从树木，地块，土壤和气候法向影响中滤除径向增量，以隔离环境驱动的生长信号并量化剩余时间序列。然后，整个森林系统的相关生长趋势面临环境变量（例如短期平均值和季节性气候趋势）的挑战。给定物种的趋势在较凉的环境（较高的海拔或北部分布的边缘）下比在较暖的环境（平原）上系统地更为积极。降水量的减少和增加分别与树木生长的负向和正向相关。值得注意的是，主要观察到本地森林系统的正增长趋势（7/9）和引入系统的负趋势（5/7）。与观察到的树木生长趋势对水供应量和森林异质性的正相关性相符的原生林相比，原生林显示出更加异质的森林结构，似乎随着夏季最高气温的持续升高而调节了水资源竞争压力。在一个短短的每年解决的研究期内，我们能够捕获各种森林生态系统中与气候变化一致的树木生长反应。随着数据的不断积累，持续不断的法国NFI成为监测气候变化对森林影响的有力支持。