Abstract This study aims to assess Urban Heat Island (UHI) as Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) of Karachi which ensures the existence of UHI effect on sustainability, based on the analysis of rapid urbanization and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes on the average temperature warming in Karachi. Satellite images are employed to extract statistics regarding land-use in Karachi city and to obtain land surface temperature (LST) maps for the year 2009 and 2017. LULC map is obtained by applying a supervised classification technique to detect the changes in impervious areas. Maps of daytime surface temperature are retrieved from the thermal band of Landsat images and nighttime LST is extracted from the MODIS. The Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) is analyzed to indicate persistent zones. It is found that built-up areas are increased by 40% and the vacant areas are decreased at a huge rate within study period of 8 years, whereas the intensity of UHI is increased by 0.04 °C . The LULC changes play vital role in the variation of surface temperature along with a spatial distribution pattern of UHI. Regression analysis is also carried out to examine the relationship of LST with impervious areas.

中文翻译：

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城市化对 SUHI 集约化的影响：LULC 对卡拉奇的分析

摘要 本研究旨在通过对卡拉奇快速城市化和土地利用土地覆盖 (LULC) 变化的分析，将城市热岛 (UHI) 作为卡拉奇的地表城市热岛 (SUHI) 进行评估，以确保 UHI 对可持续性的影响。卡拉奇的平均气温变暖。卫星图像用于提取卡拉奇市土地利用的统计数据，并获得 2009 年和 2017 年的地表温度 (LST) 图。 LULC 图是通过应用监督分类技术来检测不透水区域的变化而获得的。从 Landsat 图像的热带中检索白天地表温度图，从 MODIS 中提取夜间 LST。分析城市热岛强度 (UHII) 以指示持续区域。结果表明，在8年的研究期内，建成区增加了40%，空置面积大幅减少，而UHI强度增加了0.04°C。LULC 的变化对地表温度的变化以及 UHI 的空间分布格局起着至关重要的作用。还进行了回归分析以检查 LST 与不透水面积的关系。