Abstract In rice, the utilization of the carbon reserve pre-stored in rice contributes significantly to its yield. The initiation of whole-plant senescence is required to remobilise carbon reserve, pre-stored in the stem, to the grains. Controlled moderate soil-drying during the rice grain filling period has been shown to induce senescence, and hence, increase the remobilisation of non-structural carbohydrates from the stem to the grains. Nonetheless, the mechanism by which controlled moderate soil drying improves this carbon reserve remobilisation remains unclear. Functional transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of rice stems and grains under moderate soil drying conditions have provided molecular and genetic evidences to explain the effects of moderate soil drying at the grain filling stage. Enzyme activities involved in the starch degradation and sugar synthesis process in the stem, as well as the starch synthesis process in the grain, has been reported to be enhanced by moderate soil drying. Moreover, plant hormones, especially those with an increased ratio of abscisic acid to ethylene, promote the transportation of carbohydrate from the stem to the grains, with a concurrent increase in the activities of enzymes involved in the sugar metabolism process in both the stem and the grains. The understanding of the remobilisation of non-structural carbohydrates in genome-wide and physiological levels has increased, and some links between molecular clues and physiological responses have been proposed. However, a deeper comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying how soil drying enhances carbon reserve remobilisation is still necessary. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in the knowledge of non-structural carbohydrate remobilisation in rice stems under soil drying conditions after anthesis.

中文翻译：

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花后土壤干燥条件下水稻籽粒灌浆碳水化合物、激素和酶的调控

摘要 在水稻中，利用预先储存在水稻中的碳储量对其产量有重要贡献。需要启动整个植物的衰老来将预先储存在茎中的碳储备重新转移到谷物中。在水稻灌浆期间控制适度的土壤干燥已被证明会诱导衰老，从而增加非结构性碳水化合物从茎到谷粒的再动员。尽管如此，控制适度土壤干燥改善这种碳储备再动员的机制仍不清楚。中度土壤干燥条件下水稻茎秆和籽粒的功能转录组学和蛋白质组学分析为解释中度土壤干燥在灌浆期的影响提供了分子和遗传证据。据报道，适度的土壤干燥可以增强茎中淀粉降解和糖合成过程以及谷物中淀粉合成过程中涉及的酶活性。此外，植物激素，尤其是那些脱落酸与乙烯比例增加的激素，促进碳水化合物从茎到谷粒的运输，同时增加了茎和茎中糖代谢过程中涉及的酶的活性。谷物。在全基因组和生理水平上对非结构性碳水化合物再动员的理解有所增加，并且已经提出了分子线索和生理反应之间的一些联系。然而，仍然需要更深入地了解土壤干燥如何增强碳储备再动员的分子机制。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在开花后土壤干燥条件下水稻茎中非结构性碳水化合物再动员知识的最新进展。