The aqueous flow battery that possesses the superior capacity balance between supply and demand is deemed as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage systems. As the critical place for the redox reactions and mass and charge transports in flow batteries, the pristine carbon electrode usually exhibits high kinetic irreversibility and low electrochemical activity, lowering the energy efficiency and operating current density. Developing electrodes with the features of high electrochemical activity, porous structure, and electrical conductivity are urgently required, and thus, great efforts have been devoted to designing high-efficient electrodes for the high performance and even large-scale commercialization of aqueous flow batteries in recent years. In this review, based on the understanding of the mechanism for mass and charge transport and redox reaction, various electrodes, such as chemical substance modified electrodes and physical structure engineered electrodes, are reviewed systematically. The modification, characterization and evaluation of electrodes are also summarized in detail. Finally, the scientific challenges and future prospects of electrodes are overviewed. This review can provide guidance and perspective for developing next-generation electrodes in aqueous flow batteries.

在供需之间具有卓越容量平衡的水流电池被认为是最有前途的大型储能系统之一。作为液流电池中氧化还原反应以及质量和电荷传输的关键场所，原始碳电极通常表现出较高的动力学不可逆性和较低的电化学活性，从而降低了能源效率和工作电流密度。迫切需要开发具有高电化学活性，多孔结构和电导率的特征的电极，因此，近来人们致力于设计用于高效且甚至大规模商业化的水性液流电池的高效电极。年份。在这篇评论中 基于对质量和电荷传输以及氧化还原反应机理的理解，系统地审查了各种电极，例如化学物质修饰电极和物理结构工程电极。还详细总结了电极的修改，表征和评估。最后，概述了电极的科学挑战和未来前景。该综述可以为开发水性液流电池中的下一代电极提供指导和前景。概述了电极的科学挑战和未来前景。该综述可以为开发水性液流电池中的下一代电极提供指导和前景。概述了电极的科学挑战和未来前景。该综述可以为开发水性液流电池中的下一代电极提供指导和前景。