The ever-growing “endurance mileage” anxiety has been stimulating the continuous energy density raising of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and the burgeoning of battery chemistries “beyond Li-ion”. However, if operated under abuse conditions, LIBs are easy to get thermal runaway. Encouragingly, great efforts have been devoting for achieving safer LIBs. However, the pace of thermal safety assessment has obviously lagged behind the energy density improvement of LIBs. Therefore, it is urgently needed to systematically, comprehensively and timely study the thermal safety issue of LIBs by combining different testing methods. In this review, we briefly summarize the varied testing methods for thermal safety evaluation of LIBs. Wherein, the highly-integrated accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC, an adiabatic calorimeter) technology is widely used to study the “worst case” thermal safety of LIBs at multilevel, ranging from ranging from battery materials to single cells and even battery packs. Combined with examples, the realizable specific functions of ARC in evaluating the thermal safety of LIBs are systematically summarized, and it reveals that the thermal safety of LIBs are rather complicated. Finally, critical perspectives in studying and improving thermal safety of LIBs and battery chemistries “beyond Li-ion” are provided.

日益增长的“耐久里程”焦虑一直在刺激锂离子电池（LIB）的能量密度不断提高，以及“超越锂离子”的电池化学技术迅速发展。但是，如果在滥用条件下操作，则LIB很容易发生热失控。令人鼓舞的是，为实现更安全的LIB付出了巨大的努力。但是，热安全评估的步伐明显落后于LIB的能量密度改善。因此，迫切需要通过结合不同的测试方法来系统，全面，及时地研究LIB的热安全问题。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了各种用于LIB热安全性评估的测试方法。其中，高度集成的加速量热法（ARC，绝热热量计技术被广泛用于研究LIB的“最坏情况”的热安全性，从电池材料到单节电池甚至电池组不等。结合实例，系统地总结了ARC在评估LIB的热安全性方面的可实现的具体功能，这表明LIB的热安全性相当复杂。最后，提供了研究和改善“超越锂离子”的锂离子电池和电池化学物质的热安全性的重要观点。它表明LIB的热安全性相当复杂。最后，提供了研究和改善“超越锂离子”的锂离子电池和电池化学物质的热安全性的重要观点。它表明LIB的热安全性相当复杂。最后，提供了研究和改善“超越锂离子”的锂离子电池和电池化学物质的热安全性的重要观点。