Some soil bacteria and fungi are known to solubilize phosphates and play an important role in supplying phosphorus (P) to plants. In this study, we characterized the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fungi as well as P availability in latosols from southern China under different land use practices. Three different latosols (i.e., red soil, lateritic red soil and laterite red soil), each with four different land uses (i.e., agricultural land, grass land, forest land and orchard land), from Guangdong Province, China, were chosen to determine the amounts of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) and their phosphate solubilizing abilities. Our results show that the amount of available P (AP) increased with the amount of PSB favored in solubilizing organic P (or PSBop), while the amount of PSF increased with the content of soil organic carbon (SOC). The average rates of phosphate solubilization were 28.23% for PSBop, 6.97% for PSF, and 0.16% for PSBip (PSB favored in solubilizing inorganic P). An increase in soil pH decreased the ability of PSB to solubilize phosphate in latosols. This ability occurred in the following order: PSBop > PSF > PSBip. No significant difference in the amount of PSF was observed among the four different land uses for the lateritic red soil and laterite red soil, whereas a profound significant difference was found for the red soil, with the highest number of PSF in the grass land. Reasonable linear correlations between the PSB and the AP and between the PSF and the SOC were obtained and could provide a good reference to characterize soil PSB and PSF. Additionally, PSBop was the best bacterial species to solubilize phosphate in the latosols.