Enzyme immobilization is a well-known technique that allows the reuse of the biocatalyst and generally improves its stability. These improved characteristics are of fundamental importance to turn industrial biocatalysis into viable and competitive processes. The immobilization of enzymes can occur through several physical or chemical techniques. When the increase or retention of the catalytic activity is the main purpose, physical methods should be used because they cause fewer changes in the enzymatic structure. When the reuse and stability are the main targets, a chemical method should be chosen to guarantee stronger enzyme-support interaction. Several materials can be applied for the immobilization of enzymes, either organic or inorganic. Inorganic materials have some advantages, such as high mechanical, thermal and chemical resistance, which are important for the process economy. Among the inorganic materials, ceramics stand out due to their longer shelf life, pore size control during the manufacturing, and novel applications in several industrial processes. Due to the high versatility of lipases and broad range of relevant applications, they are the focus of this review. Lipases are known to have a high affinity with hydrophobic substrates (such as polymers), so there is a lack of studies regarding general aspects of their immobilization in hydrophilic materials as ceramics. Thus, the objective of this work is to provide an overview of the main techniques of enzyme immobilization in ceramic supports highlighting the immobilization of lipases. A general overview of the key parameters to be considered to obtain immobilized enzymes that can be used on a large scale is also presented.

酶固定是众所周知的技术，其允许生物催化剂的再利用并通常提高其稳定性。这些改进的特性对于将工业生物催化转化为可行的竞争性过程至关重要。酶的固定化可以通过几种物理或化学技术进行。当增加或保留催化活性是主要目的时，应使用物理方法，因为它们引起的酶结构变化较小。当重用性和稳定性是主要目标时，应选择一种化学方法以确保更强的酶-支持作用。几种材料可用于固定有机或无机酶。无机材料具有一些优势，例如较高的机械，耐热和耐化学性，这对于过程经济很重要。在无机材料中，陶瓷因其更长的保存期限，制造过程中的孔径控制以及在一些工业过程中的新颖应用而脱颖而出。由于脂肪酶的多功能性和广泛的相关应用，它们是本综述的重点。已知脂肪酶与疏水性底物（例如聚合物）具有很高的亲和力，因此缺乏有关将其固定在作为陶瓷的亲水性材料中的一般方面的研究。因此，这项工作的目的是概述陶瓷载体中固定化酶的主要技术，以突出脂肪酶的固定化。