This paper focuses on the evaluation of temporal and spatial propagations of impulse waves using 3D numerical simulation-based models for a potential landslide area in the Tersun Dam reservoir, Northeast Turkey. The topographical model was created using Stereo Lithography files, and a drift-flux model was used to simulate the landslides. The wave generation was simulated using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The Drift-Flux approach was selected, and a renormalization group-based k-ε turbulence model was used to create a fluid–solid coupled model. The results show that a 16.5-m impulse wave is created as a result of sliding material hitting the water at a velocity of 16.4 m/s. The wave will reach the opposite shore in 27.4 s, and the run-up height will reach up to 48.8 m. As the wave, with an average velocity of 11.6 m/s in the reservoir, propagates toward the dam body, its height will decrease, and a 3.7-m-high wave will hit the dam in 155 s. A validation analysis performed using empirical equations and laboratory model tests indicates small differences in the results. The main reason for these differences is that the evaluation of wave properties is independent of the type of mass movement in empirical methods. A proper stability analysis is required to have a better estimation of the volume and the velocity of the sliding mass.

中文翻译：

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基于 3D 数值模拟的滑坡产生脉冲波评估方法：以 Tersun Dam 水库（土耳其东北部）为例

本文侧重于使用基于 3D 数值模拟的模型对土耳其东北部 Tersun 大坝水库中潜在滑坡区的脉冲波的时空传播进行评估。地形模型是使用立体光刻文件创建的，漂移通量模型用于模拟滑坡。使用雷诺平均 Navier-Stokes 方程模拟波的产生。选择了 Drift-Flux 方法，并使用基于重整化组的 k-ε 湍流模型来创建流固耦合模型。结果表明，由于滑动材料以 16.4 m/s 的速度撞击水面，产生了 16.5 米的脉冲波。波浪将在27.4 s内到达对岸，上升高度将达到48.8 m。作为波，平均速度为 11。6 m/s 在水库中，向坝体传播，其高度会降低，155 s 内将有 3.7 米高的波浪击中坝体。使用经验方程和实验室模型测试进行的验证分析表明结果存在微小差异。这些差异的主要原因是波浪特性的评估与经验方法中的质量运动类型无关。需要进行适当的稳定性分析才能更好地估计滑动质量的体积和速度。这些差异的主要原因是波浪特性的评估与经验方法中的质量运动类型无关。需要进行适当的稳定性分析才能更好地估计滑动质量的体积和速度。这些差异的主要原因是波浪特性的评估与经验方法中的质量运动类型无关。需要进行适当的稳定性分析才能更好地估计滑动质量的体积和速度。