Due to improved soil deliverability and high reactivity, stabilized nanoparticles have been studied for nearly two decades for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants. While large amounts of bench- and field-scale experimental data have demonstrated the potential of the innovative technology, extensive research results have also unveiled various merits and constraints associated different soil characteristics, types of nanoparticles and particle stabilization techniques. Overall, this work aims to critically overview the fundamental principles on particle stabilization, and the evolution and some recent developments of stabilized nanoparticles for degradation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater. The specific objectives are to: 1) overview fundamental mechanisms in nanoparticle stabilization; 2) summarize key applications of stabilized nanoparticles for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by legacy and emerging organic chemicals; 3) update the latest knowledge on the transport and fate of stabilized nanoparticles; 4) examine the merits and constraints of stabilized nanoparticles in environmental remediation applications; and 5) identify the knowledge gaps and future research needs pertaining to stabilized nanoparticles for remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Per instructions of this invited special issue, this review is focused on contributions from our group (one of the pioneers in the subject field), which, however, is supplemented by important relevant works by others. The knowledge gained is expected to further advance the science and technology in the environmental applications of stabilized nanoparticles.

由于改善了土壤的可传递性和高反应活性，已对稳定的纳米颗粒进行了近二十年的现场研究。修复被有机污染物污染的土壤和地下水。尽管大量的试验台和现场规模的实验数据证明了创新技术的潜力，但广泛的研究结果也揭示了与不同土壤特性，纳米颗粒类型和颗粒稳定技术相关的各种优点和局限性。总体而言，这项工作旨在批判性地概述颗粒稳定的基本原理，以及用于降解土壤和地下水中有机污染物的稳定纳米颗粒的演变和一些最新进展。具体目标是：1）概述纳米粒子稳定化的基本机制；2）总结了稳定的纳米颗粒在原位的关键应用修复被遗留和新兴有机化学物质污染的土壤和地下水；3）更新有关稳定的纳米粒子的运输和命运的最新知识；4）检查稳定纳米颗粒在环境修复应用中的优缺点；5）确定与稳定的纳米颗粒有关的污染土壤和地下水修复的知识差距和未来研究需求。根据受邀的特刊的指示，本次审查的重点是我们小组（该领域的先驱者之一）的贡献，然而，其他方面的重要相关著作对此做了补充。期望获得的知识将进一步促进稳定化纳米颗粒在环境中的应用科学技术。