Reliance on broad-spectrum insecticides and chemotherapeutic agents to control hematophagous insect vectors, and their related diseases is threatened by increasing insecticide and drug resistance, respectively. Thus, development of novel, alternative, complementary and effective technologies for surveillance and control of such insects is strongly encouraged. Semiochemicals are increasingly developed for monitoring and intervention of insect crop pests, but this has not been adequately addressed for hematophagous insects of medical and veterinary importance. This review provides an insight in the application of semiochemicals for control of hematophagous insects. Here, we provide specific information regarding the isolation and identification of semiochemical compounds, optimization approaches, detection, perception and discrimination by the insect olfactory system. Navigation of insects along wind-borne odor plumes is discussed and methods of odor application in field situations are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prospects and future challenges for the application of semiochemical-based tools with emphasis on mosquitoes. The acquired knowledge can guide development of more effective components of integrated vector management, safeguard against emerging resistance of insects to existing insecticides and reduce the burden of vector-borne diseases.

依靠广谱杀虫剂和化学治疗剂来控制嗜血昆虫媒介物及其相关疾病分别受到增加的杀虫剂和耐药性的威胁。因此，强烈鼓励开发用于监视和控制此类昆虫的新颖，替代，互补和有效的技术。越来越多地开发出用于监测和干预虫害的害虫的化学信息素，但是对于具有医学和兽医学重要性的食血性昆虫而言，这还没有得到足够的解决。这篇综述提供了在使用化学信息素控制食血昆虫方面的见识。在这里，我们提供有关信息素化合物的分离和鉴定，优化方法，检测，昆虫嗅觉系统的感知和辨别。讨论了昆虫沿风传播的气味羽的航行，并回顾了野外应用气味的方法。最后，我们讨论了基于化学信息工具的应用前景和未来挑战，重点是蚊子。获得的知识可以指导综合媒介管理更有效的组成部分的开发，防止昆虫对现有杀虫剂产生新的抗性，并减轻媒介传播疾病的负担。