The rhizosphere is the unique hotspot that is highly influenced by plant roots and characterized by higher microbial activity and nutrient availability. Land uses modify the rhizospheric soil properties through the stimulatory effects of various root exudates and soil nutrients. The present work was aimed to study rhizosphere soil properties under different land use systems at Ballowal Saunkhri watershed in Punjab state, India. For this study, soil samples were collected from three land use systems (horticulture, farm forest and cropland) at four depths, viz. 0–15, 15–30, 30–60 and 60–90 cm during pre-rainy and post-rainy seasons. The results indicated that farm forestry system had significantly higher soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity, micronutrient cations (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) and microbial properties (total microbial count, microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration, dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity and microbial quotient) compared with other land use systems. However, bulk density, available phosphorus, available potassium and metabolic quotient were observed higher under cropland system. The principle component analysis identified that SOC and available potassium were the most contributing and reliable variables for assessing soil quality for different land use systems.

中文翻译：

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印度旁遮普省Shivalik山麓不同土地利用系统下根际土壤性质的季节性变化

根际是独特的热点，受植物根系的影响很大，具有较高的微生物活性和养分利用率。土地利用通过各种根系分泌物和土壤养分的刺激作用改变根际土壤特性。目前的工作旨在研究印度旁遮普邦 Ballowal Saunkhri 流域不同土地利用系统下的根际土壤特性。在这项研究中，土壤样本是从三个土地利用系统（园艺、农林和农田）在四个深度收集的，即。雨前和雨后的 0-15、15-30、30-60 和 60-90 厘米。结果表明，农林业系统具有显着较高的土壤有机碳（SOC）、阳离子交换能力、微量营养素阳离子（Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn）和微生物特性（微生物总数、微生物生物量碳、基础土壤呼吸、脱氢酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和微生物商数）与其他土地利用系统相比。然而，在农田系统下观察到的容重、有效磷、有效钾和代谢商较高。主成分分析确定 SOC 和有效钾是评估不同土地利用系统土壤质量的最重要和最可靠的变量。