Sucrose non-fermenting 1 related protein kinases (SnRK) play crucial roles in responding to biotic and abiotic stresses through activating protein phosphorylation pathways. However, little information of SnRK genes was available in Brassica napus, one of important oil crops. Recently, the released sequences of the reference genome of B.napus provide a good chance to perform genome-wide identification and characterization of BnSnRK gene family in the rapeseed. Totally 114 SnRK genes distributed on 19 chromosomes were identified in the genome of B.napus and classified into three subfamilies on the basis of phylogenetic analysis and the domain types. According to gene structure and motif composition analysis, the BnSnRK sequences showed obvious divergence among three subfamilies. Gene duplication and synteny between the genomes of the rapeseed and Arabidopsis were also analyzed to provide insights into the evolutionary characteristics of BnSnRK family genes. Cis-element analysis revealed that BnSnRKs may response to diverse environmental stresses. Moreover, the expression patterns of BnSnRKs in various tissues and under diverse abiotic stresses were distinct difference. Besides, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) distribution analysis suggests the function disparity of BnSnRK family genes in different genotypes of the rapeseed. We examined genomic structures, evolution features, expression patterns and SNP distribution of 114 BnSnRKs. The results provide valuable information for functional characterization of BnSnRK genes in future studies.

中文翻译：

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甘蓝型油菜中SnRK家族基因的全基因组鉴定和表征。

蔗糖非发酵1相关蛋白激酶（SnRK）通过激活蛋白磷酸化途径在应对生物和非生物胁迫中起关键作用。但是，在重要的油料作物之一的甘蓝型油菜中，SnRK基因的信息很少。最近，甘蓝型油菜参考基因组的释放序列为油菜籽中BnSnRK基因家族的全基因组鉴定和表征提供了一个很好的机会。根据系统发育分析和域类型，在甘蓝型油菜（B.napus）的基因组中共鉴定了分布在19个染色体上的114个SnRK基因，并将其分为三个亚科。根据基因结构和基序组成分析，BnSnRK序列在三个亚科之间表现出明显的差异。还分析了油菜籽和拟南芥基因组之间的基因复制和同源性，以提供对BnSnRK家族基因进化特征的见解。顺式元素分析表明，BnSnRKs可能对多种环境压力做出反应。此外，BnSnRKs在各种组织中以及在不同的非生物胁迫下的表达模式也存在明显差异。此外，单核苷酸多态性（SNP）分布分析表明，BnSnRK家族基因在不同基因型油菜中的功能差异。我们检查了114个BnSnRKs的基因组结构，进化特征，表达模式和SNP分布。该结果为将来研究BnSnRK基因的功能表征提供了有价值的信息。