This study examines the potential of using stage-wise process audit review and control (ARC) efforts in estimating overall effort and defects in a software project. Using archival data from 49 software projects that were based on the waterfall methodology, and obtained from a CMMI level 5 organisation, the authors found that higher ARC efforts at the requirement and build phases of a project were associated with an increase in overall project effort. Further, higher ARC efforts at the design and build phases were correlated with an increase in the number of defects delivered to the client at the end of the project. The predictive ability of the authors’ effort models was very high, with mean errors in the range of 3–4% of the overall project effort. They found that the mean ARC effort in their sample was 0.15 h/FP for the requirements stage, 0.31 h/FP for the design stage and 0.67 h/FP for the build stage. A project where the ARC effort for any of the three stages exceeded the respective benchmark, could be a candidate for deeper inspection to prevent excess effort or defects. Organisations can use their own data to develop similar benchmarks for their software project portfolios.

中文翻译：

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流程审核审查和控制工作对软件项目成果的影响

这项研究检查了使用阶段性过程审核审查和控制（ARC）工作来评估软件项目中的总体工作和缺陷的潜力。作者使用了基于瀑布方法的49个软件项目的归档数据，这些数据是从CMMI 5级组织获得的，作者发现，在项目的需求阶段和构建阶段，ARC工作量的增加与总体项目工作量的增加有关。此外，在设计和构建阶段的更高ARC努力与在项目结束时交付给客户的缺陷数量增加有关。作者的工作量模型的预测能力非常高，平均误差在整个项目工作量的3-4％范围内。他们发现，在需求阶段，样本中的ARC平均工作量为0.15 h / FP，即0。设计阶段为31 h / FP，构建阶段为0.67 h / FP。如果三个阶段中任何一个阶段的ARC努力都超出了各自的基准，那么该项目可能会成为进行更深入检查以防止过度努力或缺陷的候选人。企业可以使用自己的数据为其软件项目组合开发类似的基准。