A 61-d-old fennec fox (Vulpes zerda), 11 d after receiving a multivalent, modified-live virus vaccine containing canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus 2 (CAdV-2), parainfluenza virus, parvovirus, and canine coronavirus, developed oculonasal discharge, and subsequently convulsions, and hemoptysis, and died. Microscopic changes in the cerebrum were evident, including neuronal degeneration and necrosis; intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies were observed in astrocytes. CDV was detected in the brain tissue by immunohistochemistry. Pulmonary lesions of multifocal necrotizing bronchopneumonia had Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions in the bronchial epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed crystalline arrays of adenovirus-like particles within the intranuclear inclusions. Additionally, the hemagglutinin gene of CDV and the CAdV-2 DNA polymerase gene were detected in the fennec fox; sequence analysis showed 100% identity with those of the vaccine strain viruses. To our knowledge, vaccine-induced CDV and CAdV-2 coinfections using molecular analysis have not been reported previously. Therefore, vaccine strains should be considered prior to CDV vaccination in nondomestic carnivores.

一只61岁的狐狸（Vulpes zerda），在接受含有犬瘟热病毒（CDV），犬腺病毒2（CAdV-2），副流感病毒，细小病毒和犬冠状病毒的多价，改良活病毒疫苗后，出现了眼鼻分泌物，随后出现惊厥和咯血， 然后死了。大脑的微观变化是明显的，包括神经元变性和坏死。在星形胶质细胞中观察到胞浆内嗜酸性包涵体。通过免疫组织化学在脑组织中检测到CDV。多灶性坏死性支气管肺炎的肺部病变在支气管上皮细胞中具有Cowdry A型核内包涵体。电子显微镜显示核内包裹体中腺病毒样颗粒的晶体阵列。另外，在狐狸中检测到CDV的血凝素基因和CAdV-2 DNA聚合酶基因。序列分析表明与疫苗株病毒具有100％的同一性。据我们所知，使用分子分析的疫苗诱导的CDV和CAdV-2合并感染以前尚未见报道。因此，对于非家养食肉动物，在CDV疫苗接种之前应考虑疫苗株。