The genetic diversity of Neotropical deer is increasingly jeopardized, owing to declining population size. Thus, the formation of cryobanking of somatic cells is important for the preservation of these species using cloning. The transformation of these cells into viable embryos has been hampered by a lack of endangered species oocytes. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to produce brown brocket deer embryos by interspecific somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT), using goat or cattle oocytes as cytoplasts, and to elucidate embryo mitochondrial activity by measuring the expression levels of ATP6, COX3, and ND5. Cattle embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) were used as a control. There were no differences in the development of embryos produced by traditional SCNT and iSCNT when using either the goat cytoplasts (38.4% vs. 25.0% cleaved and 40.0% vs. 50.0% morula rates, respectively) or cattle cytoplast (72.8% vs. 65.5% cleaved and 11.3% vs. 5.9% blastocyst rates, respectively). Concerning the gene expression, no significant difference was observed when goat oocytes were used as cytoplasts. However, when using cattle oocytes and 16S as a reference gene, the iSCNT upregulated COX3, when compared with SCNT group. In contrast, when GAPDH was used as a reference gene, all the evaluated genes were upregulated in the iSCNT group, when compared with the IVF group. When compared with the SCNT group, only the expression of ATP6 was statistically different. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that interspecific nuclear transfer is a potentially useful tool for conservation programs of endangered similar deer species.

中文翻译：

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通过种间体细胞核移植获得的褐斑鹿 (Mazama gouazoubira) 胚胎的体外发育和线粒体基因表达。

由于种群规模下降，新热带鹿的遗传多样性正日益受到威胁。因此，体细胞冷冻库的形成对于使用克隆保存这些物种很重要。由于缺乏濒危物种卵母细胞，这些细胞转化为可存活的胚胎受到阻碍。因此，本研究的目的是通过种间体细胞核移植 (iSCNT)，使用山羊或牛的卵母细胞作为细胞质体来生产褐鹿胚胎，并通过测量ATP6、COX3和ND5的表达水平来阐明胚胎线粒体活性。. 体外产生的牛胚胎受精（IVF）用作对照。当使用山羊细胞质体（分别为 38.4% 与 25.0% 裂解率和 40.0% 与 50.0% 桑椹子比率）或牛细胞质体（72.8% 与 65.5%）时，传统 SCNT 和 iSCNT 产生的胚胎发育没有差异% 裂解和 11.3% 与 5.9% 囊胚率，分别）。关于基因表达，当使用山羊卵母细胞作为细胞质时没有观察到显着差异。然而，当使用牛卵母细胞和16S作为参考基因时，与 SCNT 组相比，iSCNT 上调了COX3。相比之下，当GAPDH被用作参考基因，与IVF组相比，iSCNT组中所有评估的基因均上调。与 SCNT 组相比，只有ATP6的表达有统计学差异。总之，已证明种间核转移是濒危类似鹿物种保护计划的潜在有用工具。