Operando Sodiation Mechanistic Study of a New Antimony-Based Intermetallic CoSb as a High-Performance Sodium-Ion Battery Anode,The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

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Operando Sodiation Mechanistic Study of a New Antimony-Based Intermetallic CoSb as a High-Performance Sodium-Ion Battery Anode
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c03556
Shreya Sarkar _{1,

2} , Anshuman Chaupatnaik ₃ , S. D. Ramarao _{1,

2} , Udumula Subbarao _{1,

2} , Prabeer Barpanda ₃ , Sebastian C. Peter _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Electrode materials based on antimony (Sb) are of growing interest because Sb achieves a balance between high capacity and good cycle performance in battery operation. The electrochemical performance of CoSb nanoparticles synthesized by a template-free assisted ball-milling method is reported for the first time. The first discharge (sodiation) profile is characterized by a gentle slope around 0.3 V. During subsequent electrochemical cycles, the reaction proceeds between 0.4 and 0.8 V. The obtained reversible capacity is 211 mAh/g. To get a mechanistic insight into the Na insertion into the CoSb lattice, suites of material analyses were performed in different stages of (dis)charging. Upon sodiation, the formation of the Na₃Sb phase was evidenced, which converts to elemental Na and Sb following a two-step alloying pathway upon desodiation. The local environment probed by various ex situ tools (diffraction, spectroscopy, microscopy, and electrochemical) hinted at the formation of an Sb-deficient CoSb_1–x (Co₄Sb) phase. The structural change was evident from the structural analysis, confirming the formation of Na metal. CoSb is by far the best among the most reported fluoroethylene-carbonate-free Sb intermetallic anodes for sodium-ion batteries.

中文翻译：

新型基于锑的金属间化合物CoSb作为高性能钠离子电池阳极的Operationdo沉积机理研究

由于锑在电池操作中实现了高容量和良好的循环性能之间的平衡，因此基于锑（Sb）的电极材料受到越来越多的关注。首次报道了通过无模板辅助球磨法合成的CoSb纳米粒子的电化学性能。第一次放电（饱和）曲线的特征是在0.3 V附近有缓和的斜率。在随后的电化学循环中，反应在0.4至0.8 V之间进行。获得的可逆容量为211 mAh / g。为了对Na插入CoSb晶格的机理有深入的了解，在（放电）的不同阶段进行了一系列材料分析。腌制后形成Na ₃证实了Sb相，该相在脱矿时会经过两步合金化路径转变为元素Na和Sb。通过各种异地工具（衍射，光谱，显微镜和电化学）探测的局部环境提示形成了Sb不足的CoSb ₁ - _x（Co ₄ Sb）相。从结构分析中可以明显看出结构变化，证实了钠金属的形成。迄今为止，CoSb是钠离子电池中报道最多的无氟乙烯-碳酸锑Sb金属间阳极中最好的。

更新日期：2020-07-23

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