Microbes are abundant inhabitants of the near-surface atmosphere in urban areas. The distribution of microbial communities may benefit or hinder human wellbeing and ecosystem function. Surveys of airborne microbial diversity are uncommon in both natural and built environments and those that investigate diversity are stationary in the city, thus missing continuous exposure to microbes that covary with three-dimensional urban structure. Individuals in cities are generally mobile and would be exposed to diverse urban structures outdoors and within indoor-transit systems in a day. We used mobile monitoring of microbial diversity and geographic information system spatial analysis, across Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA in outdoor and indoor-transit (subways and train cars) environments. This study identifies to the role of the three-dimensional urban landscape in structuring atmospheric microbiomes and employs mobile monitoring over ~1920 kilometers to measure continuous biodiversity. We found more diverse communities outdoors that significantly differ from indoor-transit air in microbial community structure, function, likely source environment, and potentially pathogenic fraction of the community. Variation in the structure of the urban landscape was associated with diversity and function of the near-surface atmospheric microbiome in outdoor samples.

中文翻译：

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室外大气微生物多样性与城市景观结构有关，并且与室内交通系统的差异与移动监测和三维空间分析所揭示的情况相同

微生物是城市地区近地表大气的丰富居民。微生物群落的分布可能有益于或阻碍人类福祉和生态系统功能。在自然环境和建筑环境中，对空气传播的微生物多样性的调查并不常见，而调查多样性的调查在城市中是固定的，因此缺少连续暴露于与三维城市结构共存的微生物的机会。城市中的人们通常是流动的，并且一天之内都会暴露在户外和室内公交系统内的各种城市结构中。我们在美国宾夕法尼亚州费城的室外和室内公交（地铁和火车）环境中使用了微生物多样性的移动监测和地理信息系统的空间分析。这项研究确定了三维城市景观在构造大气微生物群落中的作用，并采用了约1920公里以上的移动监测来测量连续的生物多样性。我们发现户外有更多不同的群落，它们在微生物群落结构，功能，可能的来源环境以及潜在的致病性方面与室内过渡空气明显不同。城市景观结构的变化与室外样本中近地表微生物群落的多样性和功能有关。可能的来源环境，以及社区的潜在致病因素。城市景观结构的变化与室外样本中近地表微生物群落的多样性和功能有关。可能的来源环境，以及社区的潜在致病因素。城市景观结构的变化与室外样本中近地表微生物群落的多样性和功能有关。