Abstract

Soil organic matter is major terrestrial pool for soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and their decomposition is sensitive to vegetation and climate change. Integrated nutrient management (INM) deals with the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures for nutritional requirement of crops and avoid the adverse effect of long-term application of chemical fertilizer on crop production and their sustainability. The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of different nutrient sources on soil C mineralization and inorganic N pools in a Terminalia chebula Retz, based on a agroforestry system. The results showed that the highest CO₂ evolution was recorded in 100 percent INM and minimum in farmyard manure treatment after 120 days of incubation. Inorganic N was higher under the agroforestry system than under the open system. Among the different nutrient sources, the highest inorganic N was recorded in a 100 percent INM nutrient source and minimal in wheat straw treatment. The yield of turmeric was higher under the T. chebula-based agroforestry system (20.87 t ha^–1) than under the open system (19.27 t ha^–1). Results suggest that agroforestry systems using the INM approach can enhance C mineralization and inorganic N concentration with improved crop productivity in the Himalayan foothills.Study Implications: Fertilizer has been used since ancient times, and if well managed it can be an asset, promoting sustainable agriculture and increasing crop production, particularly for smallholder farmers in the Himalayan region of India. We compared fertilizer application practices under an agroforestry system in a representative Himalayan region of India. The majority of farmers in the region of the Himalayan foothills having marginal land and they are not able to produce optimum food grains for their requirement. However, their demands are increasing day by day, so to fulfill their demand, they have to adopt agroforestry. Agroforestry may be fulfilling their demand in terms of food, fuel, fodder, and other intangible benefits. Moreover, to increase the production under agroforestry, we have to apply organic and inorganic fertilizer in the soil either as the sole application or as a combination of these fertilizers. The application of these fertilizers will improve the productivity and fertility of land, especially carbon mineralization and inorganic nitrogen. These two soil properties are important to study because these are limiting to land productivity. In addition, efforts to improve integrated nutrient management in the Himalayan region of India would strengthen farmers’ incomes by strengthening land fertility and productivity. The rapid increase in human population over the last century is putting a massive pressure on existing resources, namely soil and water, resulting in environmental degradation in some regions around the world. As productive land becomes scarce, marginalized farmers are pushed into fragile croplands and forest lands unsuitable for modern agriculture which, in turn, is vulnerable, to degradation. If the present trend in population growth persists, pasture and forest lands will be further reduced (Satterthwaite et al. 2010). At this stage, the value of growing trees becomes more significant, and participation in tree planting schemes should be encouraged. However, this option is most feasible when combined with agriculture. As a result, agroforestry is an important management strategy that not only helps to meet the world food requirements but also helps to protect soil from degradation (Ram et al. 2017) and can enhance soil organic matter levels by adding the quantity of above- and below-ground organic matter inputs to soils (Nair et al. 2009, Marone et al. 2017).

中文翻译：

---

喜马拉雅山麓丘陵地带的基于终末白斑的农林复合系统下的碳矿化和无机氮库

摘要

土壤有机质是土壤有机碳（C）和氮（N）的主要陆地库，其分解对植被和气候变化敏感。综合营养管理（INM）处理化肥和有机肥的结合使用，以满足作物的营养需求，避免长期长期施用化肥对作物生产及其可持续性的不利影响。本研究旨在基于农林业系统，研究不同营养元素对榄仁木（Terminalia chebula Retz）中土壤碳矿化和无机氮库的影响。结果表明，最高的CO ₂孵化120天后，进化记录为100％INM，农家粪肥处理的进化最少。农用林业制度下的无机氮含量高于开放式制度下的无机氮含量。在不同的养分来源中，无机氮含量最高的是100％INM养分来源，小麦秸秆处理的无机氮含量最低。在基于T. chebula的农林业系统下，姜黄的产量更高（20.87 t ha ^–1），而在开放系统下（19.27 t ha ^–1））。结果表明，使用INM方法的农林业系统可以提高喜马拉雅山麓丘陵地带的碳矿化和无机氮浓度，并提高作物的生产力。研究意义：自古以来就一直使用肥料，如果管理得当，肥料可以成为一项资产，促进可持续农业以及增加作物产量，特别是印度喜马拉雅地区的小农户。我们在印度代表性的喜马拉雅地区比较了农林业制度下的肥料施用实践。喜马拉雅山麓地区的大多数农民都拥有边际土地，他们无法根据自己的需要生产最佳的粮食。但是，他们的需求每天都在增加，因此为了满足他们的需求，他们必须采用农林业。农林业可以满足他们在食物，燃料，饲料和其他无形利益方面的需求。此外，为了增加农林业的产量，我们必须在土壤中单独施用有机肥料或无机肥料，也可以将这些肥料组合使用。这些肥料的使用将提高土地的生产力和肥力，特别是碳矿化和无机氮。这两个土壤特性对于研究非常重要，因为它们限制了土地生产力。此外，在印度喜马拉雅地区改善营养综合管理的努力将通过提高土地肥力和生产力来增加农民的收入。在上个世纪，人口的迅速增长给现有资源带来了巨大压力，即土壤和水，导致世界上某些地区的环境恶化。随着生产性土地的稀缺，被边缘化的农民被迫进入脆弱的农田和不适合现代农业的林地，而现代农业又容易退化。如果当前人口增长趋势持续下去，牧场和林地将进一步减少（Satterthwaite等人，2010）。在这一阶段，植树的价值变得更加重要，应鼓励人们参与植树计划。但是，与农业结合使用时，此选项最为可行。结果，农林业是一种重要的管理策略，不仅有助于满足世界粮食需求，而且还可以保护土壤免于退化（Ram等人，2002年。