The development of synthetic structures that mimic mechanical actuation in living matter such as autonomous translation and shape changes remains a grand challenge for materials science. In living systems the integration of supramolecular structures and covalent polymers contributes to the responsive behaviour of membranes, muscles and tendons, among others. Here we describe hybrid light-responsive soft materials composed of peptide amphiphile supramolecular polymers chemically bonded to spiropyran-based networks that expel water in response to visible light. The supramolecular polymers form a reversibly deformable and water-draining skeleton that mechanically reinforces the hybrid and can also be aligned by printing methods. The noncovalent skeleton embedded in the network thus enables faster bending and flattening actuation of objects, as well as longer steps during the light-driven crawling motion of macroscopic films. Our work suggests that hybrid bonding polymers, which integrate supramolecular assemblies and covalent networks, offer strategies for the bottom-up design of soft matter that mimics living organisms.

模仿生命活动中的机械致动（例如自主平移和形状变化）的合成结构的开发仍然是材料科学面临的巨大挑战。在生物系统中，超分子结构和共价聚合物的整合有助于膜，肌肉和肌腱等的响应行为。在这里，我们描述了由肽两亲性超分子聚合物化学键合到螺吡喃基网络上的混合光响应性软材料，该螺旋状网络基于可见光排出水。超分子聚合物形成可逆变形和排水的骨架，该骨架可机械增强杂化体，也可以通过印刷方法进行排列。嵌入网络中的非共价骨架因此可以更快地弯曲和展平物体的驱动，以及在宏观薄膜的光驱动爬行运动过程中需要更长的步骤。我们的工作表明，结合超分子组装和共价网络的杂化键合聚合物为模仿生物的软物质的自下而上设计提供了策略。