Abstract

Motorcycle to vehicle impact accidents occur frequently in real world and often cause serious brain injuries and deaths of motorcyclists. This study aims to research the motorcyclist head responses and helmet protection performance at common motorcycle-vehicle impact scenarios. First, multi-body system (MBS) models of motorcycle-vehicle impact were developed to investigate motorcyclist’s head and vehicle conditions (position, orientation and velocity) at the time of head impacts with vehicle. Then, the impact conditions were input to finite element (FE) models of head striking vehicle to obtain the head tissue level responses, such as coup pressure, von Mises stress, first principal strain and skull stress. Influences of impact velocity, impact angle, and helmet usage on head responses were investigated by conducting parametric studies. The results show that motorcycle and vehicle initial speeds and impact angles influence motorcyclists’ head impact locations on vehicles and head responses. Coup pressure and skull stress have strong relationships with head impact forces, while von Mises stress and first principal strain are sensitive to head equivalent impact velocity combining of normal and tangential velocities. Helmet shows a clear effectiveness in reducing brain pressure and skull stress, while its influences von Mises stress and first principal strain in brain subtly.

摘要

摩托车对车辆的碰撞事故在现实世界中经常发生，并且经常导致摩托车手的严重脑损伤和死亡。本研究旨在研究在常见的摩托车-车辆碰撞情景下摩托车手的头部反应和头盔保护性能。首先，开发了摩托车与车辆碰撞的多体系统 (MBS) 模型，以研究摩托车手在头部与车辆碰撞时的头部和车辆状况（位置、方向和速度）。然后，将冲击条件输入到头部撞击车辆的有限元（FE）模型中，以获得头部组织水平的响应，例如政变压力、von Mises 应力、第一主应变和颅骨应力。通过进行参数研究，研究了冲击速度、冲击角度和头盔使用对头部反应的影响。结果表明，摩托车和车辆的初始速度和撞击角度会影响摩托车手在车辆上的头部撞击位置和头部反应。政变压力和颅骨应力与头部撞击力有很强的关系，而 von Mises 应力和第一主应变对头部等效撞击速度敏感，包括法向速度和切向速度。头盔在降低脑压和颅骨压力方面显示出明显的效果，而它对 von Mises 压力和大脑的第一主要应变有微妙的影响。而 von Mises 应力和第一主应变对法向速度和切向速度的头部等效冲击速度敏感。头盔在降低脑压和颅骨压力方面显示出明显的效果，而它对 von Mises 压力和大脑的第一主要应变有微妙的影响。而 von Mises 应力和第一主应变对法向速度和切向速度的头部等效冲击速度敏感。头盔在降低脑压和颅骨压力方面显示出明显的效果，而它对 von Mises 压力和大脑的第一主要应变有微妙的影响。