Background: Obesity is associated with serious health risks, including premature mortality. This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of individual or combination treatment with Spirulina platensis and green coffee bean aqueous extracts in high-fat diet-induced (HFD) obese rats. Methods: Rats were fed on HFD to induce obesity. Corn oil in the HFD accounted for 50.98% of the calories. Fifty rats were divided into five groups (10 rats/group): control, HFD, HFD-Spirulina, HFD-coffee, HFD-Spirulina and coffee cotreatment groups. The serum levels of lipid, leptin, and insulin, as well as the hepatic mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated alpha receptor (PPARα) were estimated. Results: The Spirulina and/or green coffee bean aqueous extracts decreased the final bodyweight and liver weight, and the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. The extracts decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, leptin, and glucose, and enhanced the serum insulin level. Furthermore, the extracts enhanced the PGC-1α and PPARα mRNA levels and decreased the FAS mRNA levels. Conclusion: The individual or combination treatment with Spirulina platensis and green coffee bean extracts decreased obesity-induced hyperlipidemia and they can be potentially used to treat obesity.

Abbreviations: ACC: Acetyl Co-A carboxylase; AF: Activity factor; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine amino transferase; AMP: Adenosine monophosphate; AMPK: AMP activated protein kinase; AST: Aspartate amino transferase; BMI: Body mass index; cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CBE: Coffee bean extract; CVD: Cardiovascular disorder; DRD4: Dopamine receptor D4; FAS: Fatty acid synthase; FFA: Free fatty acid; FTO: Fat mass and obesity gene; GOD: Glucose oxidase; G-6-P: Glucose-6-phosphatase; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HFD: High-fat diet; HMGRCR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LXR α: Liver X receptor α; MC4R: Melanocortin 4 receptor gene’; NO: Nitric oxide; PGC-1α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha; PPARα: Peroxisome proliferator-activated alpha; PPARγ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; REE: Resting energy expenditure; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TC: Total cholesterol; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes; TG: Triacyl glycerol; TP: Total protein; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; WLS: Weight loss surgery

背景：肥胖与严重的健康风险（包括过早死亡）相关。这项研究调查了螺旋藻和绿咖啡豆水提物对高脂饮食诱导（HFD）肥胖大鼠的单独或联合治疗的抗肥胖作用。方法：给大鼠喂HFD以诱导肥胖。HFD中的玉米油占卡路里的50.98％。将50只大鼠分为5组（每组10只大鼠）：对照，HFD，HFD-螺旋藻，HFD-咖啡，HFD-螺旋藻和咖啡共治组。血清脂质，瘦蛋白和胰岛素水平，以及脂肪酸合酶（FAS），过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体gamma coactivator-1 alpha（PGC-1α）和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活α受体的肝mRNA水平（估计PPARα）。结果：该螺旋藻和/或生咖啡豆水提取物可降低最终体重和肝脏重量，并降低血清丙氨酸转氨酶，天冬氨酸转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的水平。提取物降低了血清总胆固醇，三酰基甘油，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，瘦素和葡萄糖的水平，并提高了血清胰岛素水平。此外，提取物增强了PGC-1α和PPARαmRNA的水平，并降低了FAS mRNA的水平。结论：螺旋藻和生咖啡豆提取物的单独或联合治疗可减少肥胖引起的高脂血症，可潜在地用于治疗肥胖。

缩写： ACC：乙酰辅酶A羧化酶；AF：活动因子；ALP：碱性磷酸酶；ALT：丙氨酸氨基转移酶；AMP：单磷酸腺苷；AMPK：AMP激活的蛋白激酶；AST：天冬氨酸转氨酶；BMI：体重指数；cAMP：环状单磷酸腺苷；CBE：咖啡豆提取物；CVD：心血管疾病；DRD4：多巴胺受体D4；FAS：脂肪酸合酶；FFA：游离脂肪酸；FTO：脂肪量和肥胖基因；神：葡萄糖氧化酶；G-6-P：葡萄糖6-磷酸酶；HDL-C：高密度脂蛋白胆固醇；HFD：高脂饮食；HMGRCR： 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶；LDL-C：低密度脂蛋白胆固醇；LXRα：肝X受体α；MC4R：黑皮质素4受体基因'；NO：一氧化氮；PGC-1α：过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γcoactivator-1 alpha；PPARα：过氧化物酶体增殖物激活的α；PPARγ：过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ；REE：静息能量消耗；ROS：活性氧；TC：总胆固醇；T2DM： 2型糖尿病；TG：三酰基甘油；TP：总蛋白；VLDL：极低密度脂蛋白；WLS：减肥手术