Abstract The present study aimed to assess the uptake of the common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories ibuprofen, ketoprofen and diclofenac by lettuce, radishes, and tomatoes. The influence of multiple routes of exposures (soil, water, vapor) of the pharmaceuticals were invstigated. The impact of accumulated pharmaceuticals active ingredients on the vegetable quality as the carbohydrate, amino acid, volatile organic aroma, and fatty acid methyl ester content were also investigated. The determination of the pharmaceutical active ingredients and vegetable quality compounds was performed by gas chromatography. For all of the vegetables, the diclofenac bioconcentration factor was the highest, as the concentration was between 31 and 118 ng·g−1. Ibuprofen was easily accumulated in radishes and lettuce, with levels between 6 and 58 and 11 and 73 ng·g−1, respectively. Higher concentrations of the pharmaceutical active ingredients were determined when the soil was artificially contaminated. The average values of bioconcentration factors considering studied pharmaceuticals active ingredients were in the following order: diclofenac > ibuprofen > ketoprofen. Considering the impact upon the vegetable carbohydrate content, a decreasing tendency in percentage values was observed for the carbohydrate concentration in radishes and tomatoes treated by pharmaceuticals through contaminated soil and water. Similarly, the volatile organic aroma compounds decreased from 7% to 36% compared with the controls when the vegetables were cultivated in contaminated conditions.

中文翻译：

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通过气相色谱-质谱法 (GC-MS) 测定西红柿、萝卜和生菜对布洛芬、酮洛芬和双氯芬酸的吸收

摘要 本研究旨在评估生菜、萝卜和西红柿对常见的非甾体抗炎药布洛芬、酮洛芬和双氯芬酸的吸收。研究了药物的多种暴露途径（土壤、水、蒸气）的影响。还研究了积累的药物活性成分对碳水化合物、氨基酸、挥发性有机香气和脂肪酸甲酯含量等蔬菜品质的影响。药物活性成分和植物品质化合物的测定通过气相色谱法进行。对于所有蔬菜，双氯芬酸的生物浓度因子最高，浓度在 31 到 118 ng·g-1 之间。布洛芬很容易在萝卜和生菜中积累，水平在 6 到 58 和 11 和 73 ng·g-1 之间，分别。当土壤被人为污染时，确定了更高浓度的药物活性成分。考虑到研究的药物活性成分，生物浓度因子的平均值按以下顺序排列：双氯芬酸 > 布洛芬 > 酮洛芬。考虑到对植物碳水化合物含量的影响，观察到通过受污染的土壤和水通过药物处理的萝卜和西红柿中碳水化合物浓度的百分比值呈下降趋势。同样，当蔬菜在污染条件下种植时，与对照相比，挥发性有机香气化合物从 7% 减少到 36%。考虑到研究的药物活性成分，生物浓度因子的平均值按以下顺序排列：双氯芬酸 > 布洛芬 > 酮洛芬。考虑到对植物碳水化合物含量的影响，观察到通过受污染的土壤和水通过药物处理的萝卜和西红柿中碳水化合物浓度的百分比值呈下降趋势。同样，当蔬菜在污染条件下种植时，与对照相比，挥发性有机香气化合物从 7% 减少到 36%。考虑到研究的药物活性成分，生物浓度因子的平均值按以下顺序排列：双氯芬酸 > 布洛芬 > 酮洛芬。考虑到对植物碳水化合物含量的影响，观察到通过受污染的土壤和水通过药物处理的萝卜和西红柿中碳水化合物浓度的百分比值呈下降趋势。同样，当蔬菜在污染条件下种植时，与对照相比，挥发性有机香气化合物从 7% 减少到 36%。通过受污染的土壤和水，通过药物处理的萝卜和西红柿中碳水化合物浓度的百分比值呈下降趋势。同样，当蔬菜在污染条件下种植时，与对照相比，挥发性有机香气化合物从 7% 减少到 36%。通过受污染的土壤和水，通过药物处理的萝卜和西红柿中碳水化合物浓度的百分比值呈下降趋势。同样，当蔬菜在污染条件下种植时，与对照相比，挥发性有机香气化合物从 7% 减少到 36%。