Bivalve molluscs are very nutritious and are an important source of human animal protein. To date, bivalve farming has contributed to about 15% of the mean per capita animal protein intake of approximate 1.5 billion people around the world. Unfortunately, the effects of climate change, mainly global warming and ocean acidification, have had many deleterious effects on bivalve aquaculture, not only leading to mass mortalities of bivalves in farms and hatcheries, but also causing collapse of natural bivalve populations. In response to the recurrent mass mortalities of farmed bivalves, many selective breeding programmes have been launched with the breeding goal of reducing mortality rate caused by disease outbreaks and changing ocean conditions. This article reviews the progress and potential of selective breeding of edible bivalves in the context of global climate change. It is clear from the literature that in terms of environmental sensitivity, and disease resistance and tolerance, selective breeding has great potential for improving the robustness of edible bivalves with significant heritability and genetic gain. Because the robustness of edible bivalves to climate change is a complex trait affected by multiple genes, the application of modern genomic tools in selective breeding is expected to dramatically enhance the accuracy and efficacy of genetic improvements and produce bivalve strains that are robust to climate change. The information in this article is very useful for guidance on adaptation strategies for climate‐smart bivalve aquaculture solutions to be implemented in bivalve hatcheries and farms.

中文翻译：

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食用双壳类动物的选择性育种及其对全球气候变化的影响

双壳类软体动物营养丰富，是人类动物蛋白的重要来源。迄今为止，双壳类养殖已为全球约15亿人均人均动物蛋白摄入量的15％做出了贡献。不幸的是，气候变化的影响，主要是全球变暖和海洋酸化，对双壳类水产养殖产生了许多有害影响，不仅导致农场和孵化场中双壳类的大量死亡，而且还导致了自然双壳类种群的崩溃。为了应对养殖双壳类动物的反复死亡，已启动了许多选择性育种计划，其育种目标是降低疾病暴发和海洋条件变化引起的死亡率。本文回顾了全球气候变化背景下食用双壳类动物选择性育种的进展和潜力。从文献中可以清楚地看出，就环境敏感性，疾病抗性和耐受性而言，选择性育种具有巨大的潜力，可提高可食用双壳类的健壮性，并具有显着的遗传力和遗传增益。由于食用双壳类动物对气候变化的耐受性是受多个基因影响的复杂性状，因此现代基因组学工具在选择性育种中的应用有望显着提高遗传改良的准确性和功效，并生产出对气候变化具有耐受性的双壳类菌株。