The prevention of foodborne diseases is one of the main objectives of health authorities. To this effect, analytical techniques to detect and/or quantify the microbiological contamination of foods prior to their release onto the market are required. Management and control of foodborne pathogens have generally been based on conventional detection methodologies, which are not only time‐consuming and labor‐intensive but also involve high consumable materials costs. However, this management perspective has changed over time given that the food industry requires efficient analytical methods that obtain rapid results. This review covers the historical context of traditional methods and their passage in time through to the latest developments in rapid methods and their implementation in the food sector. Improvements and limitations in the detection of the most relevant pathogens are discussed from a perspective applicable to the current situation in the food industry. Considering efforts that are being done and recent developments, rapid and accurate methods already used in the food industry will be also affordable and portable and offer connectivity in near future, which improves decision‐making and safety throughout the food chain.

中文翻译：

---

使用微生物学中的快速方法从危害分析到风险控制：食品工业的实用方法

预防食源性疾病是卫生当局的主要目标之一。为此，需要在食品投放市场之前检测和/或量化食品微生物污染的分析技术。食源性病原体的管理和控制通常基于传统的检测方法，不仅费时费力，而且耗材成本高。然而，鉴于食品行业需要能够快速获得结果的高效分析方法，这种管理观点随着时间的推移而发生了变化。这篇综述涵盖了传统方法的历史背景，以及它们随着时间推移到快速方法的最新发展及其在食品领域的实施。从适用于食品行业现状的角度讨论了检测最相关病原体的改进和局限性。考虑到正在做的努力和最近的发展，食品工业中已经使用的快速和准确的方法也将是负担得起的和便携的，并在不久的将来提供连接，从而改善整个食品链的决策和安全。