BACKGROUND Driven by environmental concerns, chemical fumigants are no longer allowed in many countries. Therefore, other strategies for reducing fungal inoculum in soils and on crop debris are being explored. In this study, several Brassicaceae crops were screened for their potential to control Fusarium gramineaum and Fusarium poae mycelial growth in an in vitro inverted Petri dish experiment. Volatile production was measured using a GC-MS headspace analysis. A selection of cultivars from each crop species was further investigated using a pot experiment with maize. RESULTS Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) and brown mustard (Brassica juncea) released volatile allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), and a higher concentration of AITC was correlated with a better fungal growth reduction in the in vitro screening. Brown mustard cultivar Etamine completely inhibited growth of both Fusarium spp. Pure AITC in a solution with methanol resulted in a sigmoid dose-response curve for both Fusarium spp. tested. Fusarium poae seemed to be more tolerant to AITC than F. graminearum. A pot experiment revealed that the incorporation of brown mustard plant material could alleviate the clear negative effect of F. graminearum infection on maize growth. CONCLUSION This study showed the correlation between the fungistatic effect of biofumigation crops on Fusarium spp., and their production of volatile AITC in vitro, without the addition of exogenous enzymes, and confirmed the biofumigation potential of brown mustard in a pot experiment with maize. These results may help farmers in selecting a green manure crop suitable for biofumigation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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揭示来自几种十字花科作物的异硫氰酸烯丙酯对玉米中镰刀菌病原体的生物熏蒸能力

背景 由于环境问题，许多国家不再允许使用化学熏蒸剂。因此，正在探索减少土壤和作物残骸中真菌接种的其他策略。在这项研究中，在体外倒置培养皿实验中，筛选了几种十字花科作物控制禾本科镰刀菌和禾本科镰刀菌菌丝体生长的潜力。使用 GC-MS 顶空分析测量挥发物产量。使用玉米盆栽试验进一步研究了从每种作物品种中选择的栽培品种。结果 埃塞俄比亚芥菜 (Brassica carinata) 和棕芥菜 (Brassica juncea) 释放挥发性异硫氰酸烯丙酯 (AITC)，并且在体外筛选中，较高浓度的 AITC 与更好的真菌生长减少相关。棕芥菜品种 Etamine 完全抑制了两种镰刀菌的生长。甲醇溶液中的纯 AITC 导致两种镰刀菌属的 S 形剂量反应曲线。测试。Fusarium poae 似乎比 F. graminearum 更能耐受 AITC。盆栽试验表明，掺入褐芥菜植物材料可以减轻禾谷镰刀菌感染对玉米生长的明显负面影响。结论 本研究表明，在不添加外源酶的情况下，生物熏蒸作物对镰刀菌的抑菌效果与其体外挥发性 AITC 的产生之间存在相关性，并在玉米盆栽试验中证实了褐芥菜的生物熏蒸潜力。这些结果可能有助于农民选择适合生物熏蒸的绿肥作物。本文受版权保护。版权所有。