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Diffusion of labor standards through supplier–subcontractor networks: An agent‐based model
Journal of Industrial Ecology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 , DOI: 10.1111/jiec.13041
Stefan Gold 1 , Thomas Chesney 2 , Tim Gruchmann 3 , Alexander Trautrims 2
Affiliation  

Subcontracting represents a popular business model in supply chains across industries. In the case of hidden subcontracting, subcontractors are beyond the visible horizon of the (focal) buying firm. Hence, buyers must rely on a cascading effect for diffusing practices such as compliance with labor standards through their supply networks. Motivated by the case of the Bangladeshi garment industry, we constructed an agent‐based model with buyers, first‐tier suppliers, and subcontractors as agents in a supply network in order to study the impact of network characteristics on the diffusion of labor standards. Our model followed a power‐based diffusion rule that emphasized the coercive power that buyers use to pressure their suppliers into adopting labor standards. This rule is a key underlying assumption of compliance‐based supplier management. Hypotheses regarding power asymmetries through centrality and density of specific network components, as well as structural elements of the network, such as complexity and distance, were tested for different industry scenarios. Our analysis demonstrated that network asymmetries have ample negative effects on the adoption of labor standards, whereas complexity plays a minor role. Moreover, the impact of the tested structural determinants for sustainability diffusion was found to be contingent on specific industry types in the garment industry. This paper discusses its findings in light of previous research on subcontracting and multitier supply chain management. Among others, we highlight how subcontracting increases horizontal complexity at each supply chain tier, and how intermediaries such as sustainability nexus suppliers may crucially affect the adoption of labor standards within industries.

中文翻译:

通过供应商-分包商网络传播劳工标准:基于代理的模型

分包是跨行业供应链中流行的商业模式。对于隐藏的分包合同,分包商超出了(重点)购买公司的可见范围。因此,购买者必须依靠级联效应来扩散实践,例如通过其供应网络来遵守劳工标准。在孟加拉国服装业的推动下,我们构建了一个基于代理的模型,其中买方,一级供应商和分包商作为供应网络中的代理,以研究网络特征对劳工标准扩散的影响。我们的模型遵循基于权力的扩散规则,该规则强调了买方用来迫使其供应商采用劳工标准的强制力。此规则是基于合规的供应商管理的关键基础假设。通过针对特定行业场景的特定网络组件的集中性和密度以及网络的结构元素(例如复杂性和距离),有关功率不对称的假设进行了测试。我们的分析表明,网络不对称对采用劳工标准具有很大的负面影响,而复杂性则起着较小的作用。此外,发现测试的结构决定因素对可持续性扩散的影响取决于服装行业中的特定行业类型。本文根据对分包和多层供应链管理的先前研究来讨论其发现。除其他外,我们重点介绍了分包如何增加每个供应链层的水平复杂性,以及诸如 例如复杂性和距离,已针对不同的行业场景进行了测试。我们的分析表明,网络不对称对采用劳工标准具有很大的负面影响,而复杂性则起着较小的作用。此外,发现测试的结构决定因素对可持续性扩散的影响取决于服装行业中的特定行业类型。本文根据对分包和多层供应链管理的先前研究来讨论其发现。除其他外,我们重点介绍了分包如何增加每个供应链层的水平复杂性,以及诸如 例如复杂性和距离,已针对不同的行业场景进行了测试。我们的分析表明,网络不对称对采用劳工标准具有很大的负面影响,而复杂性则起着较小的作用。此外,发现测试的结构决定因素对可持续性扩散的影响取决于服装行业中的特定行业类型。本文根据对分包和多层供应链管理的先前研究来讨论其发现。除其他外,我们重点介绍了分包如何增加每个供应链层的水平复杂性,以及诸如 而复杂性仅扮演次要角色。此外,发现测试的结构决定因素对可持续性扩散的影响取决于服装行业中的特定行业类型。本文根据对分包和多层供应链管理的先前研究来讨论其发现。除其他外,我们重点介绍了分包如何增加每个供应链层的水平复杂性,以及诸如 而复杂性仅扮演次要角色。此外,发现测试的结构决定因素对可持续性扩散的影响取决于服装行业中的特定行业类型。本文根据对分包和多层供应链管理的先前研究来讨论其发现。除其他外,我们重点介绍了分包如何增加每个供应链层的水平复杂性,以及诸如可持续发展关系供应商可能会严重影响行业内采用劳工标准。
更新日期:2020-06-22
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