The lunar floor‐fractured crater Gassendi and surrounding area were examined with high‐resolution Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter imagery and other remote sensing data to characterize and understand the volcanic processes in the southwestern region of the Moon. This study was selected because the Gassendi region exhibits a variety of volcanic features (e.g., cryptomaria deposits, pyroclastic deposits, maria, and lava lakes) and team participants have studied this region for 30 years (Hawke et al., 1991, https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL02921). This study confirms the existence of a previously identified cryptomare deposit and identifies an additional cryptomare deposit west of Gassendi crater and a pyroclastic northeast of Gassendi. Spectral and geochemical anomalies associated with dark‐haloed impact craters reveal cryptomaria deposits in the western Gassendi crater floor and previously unmapped mare basalt within northeastern Gassendi. We identified three separate lava lakes on the northeast, northwest, and southwest floor of Gassendi crater based on morphology analogous to terrestrial lava lakes, geochemical signatures, and digital terrain data. Crater count (model) age data suggest that the lava lakes were active at ~3.6 Ga (300 Ma after floor emplacement). Criteria used to identify lava lakes in Gassendi were applied globally to locate candidate lava lakes within floor‐fractured craters. With the identification of lava lake morphology, both in Gassendi crater and in other floor‐fractured craters, the current ascent and eruption models should be revised to allow for at least short‐term connection between magma supply at depth and surface lava lakes. Hence, this integration of multiple perspectives afforded by recent remote data sets reveals new views about lunar volcanic processes.

中文翻译：

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月球加森迪地区的火山过程

用高分辨率的“月球侦察轨道”图像和其他遥感数据检查了月底破裂的火山口加森迪及其周围地区，以表征和了解月球西南地区的火山爆发过程。选择该研究的原因是，加森迪地区表现出各种火山特征（例如，隐藻类沉积物，火山碎屑沉积物，玛丽亚和熔岩湖），并且团队参与者对该地区进行了30年的研究（Hawke等，1991，https：//）。 /doi.org/10.1029/92GL02921）。这项研究证实了先前已发现的隐m矿床的存在，并确定了在Gassendi火山口以西和在Gassendi东北的火山碎屑岩中的另外一个隐m矿床。与暗晕撞击坑相关的光谱和地球化学异常揭示了在加森迪火山口底部的西部存在玛德玄武岩，而在加森迪东北部尚未映射的母马玄武岩则存在隐藻。我们根据与陆地熔岩湖，地球化学特征和数字地形数据相似的形态，在加森迪火山口的东北，西北和西南层确定了三个独立的熔岩湖。火山口计数（模型）年龄数据表明，熔岩湖活跃在约3.6 Ga（地层安放后300 Ma）。用于识别加森迪熔岩湖的标准已在全球范围内应用，以在地面破裂的火山口内找到候选熔岩湖。在加森迪火山口和其他地面破裂的火山口中发现熔岩湖的形态后，当前的上升和喷发模型应该进行修改，以至少允许在深部岩浆供应与地表熔岩湖之间建立短期联系。因此，近期远程数据集提供的多种视角的整合揭示了有关月球火山过程的新观点。